Optimización de estructuras aporticadas, mediante un procedimiento de estructuración enfocado en elementos tipo columna
Abstract
Structures are systems designed to withstand stresses satisfying established service levels. All the designs are not identical, they are made by stages that eliminate unsuitable alternatives and in the end an efficient solution must be obtained; the objectives that the structure must meet are established and some fixed characteristics of the design are determined, such as technical specifications of the materials, pre-dimensioning among others. What is sought with the traditional design of structures, is to find a solution that meets the existing requirements according to current regulations. The objective of this work is to find the optimal sections for the cutting elements of a new building, through a mathematical model that will allow to represent in a simplified way the reality of the problem to be modeled. As an objective function of optimization, maximum floor drift was used according to the NSR 10; as variables we have the final cross section of the cutting elements; and as restrictions we have the horizontal displacements in the knots. The theoretical aspects associated to the structural analysis of a new building are described, implementing the equivalent horizontal force method, in regard to the simian analysis, and the method of the rigidity by means of a matrix analysis in relation to the structural analysis for the calculation of the displacements. The concept of optimization, non-linear programming, and the mathematical models associated with this type of programming will also be exposed, until the objective function is formulated with which the objectives set out in this work will be achieved
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