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Actinic keratosis in Colombia: first approaches

Castillo Molina, David; Fierro Lozada, Jesus Daniel; Quintero Estupiñan, Diana; Carroll Patiño , María Juliana; Reyes Rey, Mariana; Chacón Jaramillo, Paula A.; Ramírez Herrera, Nanis; Rubiano Mojica, Paula Celeste; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Bula Galán, Gabriela; Castillo Saavedra, David E. (Mosby Inc.United States, 2021-09-01)

Introduction: Actinic keratoses (AK) are preneoplastic lesions secondary to chronic sun exposure, whose risk of becoming malignancy is greater than 20%. Prevalence studies of AK are uncommon. Here we describe clinical and ...
Cost analysis of rosacea treatments in a dermatologic center in Bogotá, Colombia

Castillo Molina, David; Martínez Zúñiga, Diego M.; Jaimes Silva, Jesús E.; Camacho-Lázaro, Luisa Fernanda; Sánchez Zapata, María Juliana; Centeno, María José; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Bula Galan, Gabriela; BLANCO GOMEZ, JENNIPHER ANDREA; Castillo Saavedra, David E. (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.United Kingdom, 2021-09-01)

Introduction and objectives: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects quality of life and involves a variable clinical spectrum. Its prevalence oscillates between 2-10% and affects predominantly women ...
Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis

Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Diaz-Jimenez, D; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

To model the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic including new VOCs and vaccines and estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program in Colombia. We developed a SEIARHUDSq micro-simulation model through nine ...
Cryotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment with vismodegib for local advanced nonsurgical basal cell carcinoma: a report of 8 cases

Castillo Molina, David; Fierro Lozada, Jesus Daniel; García C., Ana María; Molano Pérez, Manuela Alejandra; Cantillo Avilez, Melissa; Guerrero Roncancio, Laura; Muñoz-Ordoñez, Sara; Campo Slebi, Isabella; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Castillo Saavedra, David E.; Martinez Zuñiga, Diego M. (Mosby Inc.United States, 2021-09-01)

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin cancer worldwide. The most frequently used treatment for BCC is surgical resection. Lately, there are other options for nonsurgical BCC such as hedgehog ...
Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 mass vaccination in Colombia: a population-based cohort study

Paternina-Caicedo, Angel; Jit, Mark; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson; Fernández, Juan Carlos; Hernández, José; Paz-Wilches, Justo Jesús; Rojas-suarez, Jose; Duenas-Castell, Carmelo; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Smith, Adrian D.; DE LA HOZ RESTREPO, FERNANDO (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

Background In February 2021, Colombia began mass vaccination against COVID-19 using mainly BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. We aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent COVID-19 symptomatic cases, hospitalization, ...
EPH22 Prevalence and risk factors of post COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalized patients in Bolivar, Colombia: an observational study

Lozano, A; Salcedo Mejía, F; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Fernandez Mercado, JC; Jerez Arias, M; Zakzuk, Josefina; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson; Dueñas, C (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition after at least three months of hospital discharge in a retrospective cohort of patients from a health insurance company (Mutual SER EPS) ...
Exacerbation and appearance of dermatosis during COVID-19 quarantine period in Bogotá, Colombia: a descriptive study of the psychological impairments

Castillo Molina, David; Fierro Lozada, Jesus Daniel; Camacho-Lazaro, Luisa F.; Reyes Rey, Mariana; Molina Dorado, Daniela M.; Polania Tovar, Maria Daniela; Chacon Jaramillo , Paula Andrea; Sánchez Zapata, Maria Juliana; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Cantillo, Diana P. (Mosby Inc.United States, 2021-09-01)

Introduction: Quarantine established in several countries by the new coronavirus pandemic, dramatically changed our lifestyle, affecting quality of life, skin, and psyche. We described the skin diseases that initiated or ...
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a single center analysis

Castillo Molina, David; Chacón Jaramillo, Paula A.; Duran-Torres, Marcela; Fierro Lozada, Jesus Daniel; Molina Dorado, Daniela M.; Polania Tovar, Maria Daniela; Carroll Patiño , María Juliana; Vargas Caycedo, Zamira P.; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. (Mosby Inc.United States, 2021-09-01)

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated skin affection. Previous studies suggest that psychiatric conditions are more frequent in patients with HS than in other dermotologic diseases. ...
How expensive are hospitalizations by Covid-19? evidence from Colombia

ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Flórez-Tanus, Álvaro; Díaz-Jiménez, Diana; Chaparro-Narváez, Pablo; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; DE LA HOZ RESTREPO, FERNANDO; Dueñas-Castel, Carmelo; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson (Elsevier USAUnited States, 2022)

Objectives This study aimed to estimate the direct medical costs due to hospitalizations by COVID-19 in Colombia and to identify their cost drivers in Colombia. Methods This is a retrospective cost-of-illness study of ...
Indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Colombia, 1998-2019

ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Diaz-Jimenez, D; Chaparro-Narváez, Pablo; Florez Tanus, Alvaro Javier; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

To estimate the indirect costs related to productivity losses attributable to premature mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) in Colombia, 1998-2017. Retrospective analysis from the human capital approach. We estimated the ...
Infant immunization coverage in a colombian poor municipality in the post-conflict era

ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; CARRASQUILLA SOTOMAYOR, MARIA; ALVIS ZAKZUK, NELSON RAFAEL; Moyano, L; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

Colombia has an expanded program of immunization of >22 biologics mainly for younger than 6 years old. We aimed to estimate vaccination coverage in children under 6 years old in San Jacinto (Bolivar), in a post-conflict ...
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis in Colombia: preliminary results of rendac

ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Fierro Lozada, Jesus Daniel; Sanchez Zapata, MJ; Castillo-Molina, D; Covo-Camacho, SA; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson; Victoria Chaparro, AM; Cera - Coll, CV; Moyano, L (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

We aim to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Colombia, due to the lack of epidemiological information about this dermatitis in our ...
Substantial out-of-pocket health expenditure on prenatal check-ups: estimates from a sample of pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia

ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Chaparro-Narváez, Pablo; Díaz-Jiménez, D; Gutiérrez Clavijo, Juan Camilo; CASTILLO RODRIGUEZ, LILIANA; edna estrada, francisco; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; DE LA HOZ RESTREPO, FERNANDO (Dove Medical Press LimitedNew Zealand, 2022-02-02)

Objective: We aimed to estimate out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures and the indirect costs related to prenatal check-ups in pregnant women seen in a maternity hospital in the Colombian Caribbean region. Methods: We ...
Trends in cancer mortality in Colombia, 1979-2019

ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.; Diaz-Jimenez, D; Chaparro-Narváez, Pablo; Florez Tanus, Alvaro Javier; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022)

To estimate and analyze cancer mortality trends in Colombia, 1979–2019. Ecological study of cancer mortality trends in Colombia. We obtained individual and anonymized records from death certificates gathered by the Colombian ...

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Actinic keratosis in Colombia: first approaches
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Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Actinic keratoses (AK) are preneoplastic lesions secondary to chronic sun exposure, whose risk of becoming malignancy is greater than 20%. Prevalence studies of AK are uncommon. Here we describe clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with AK assessed in a dermatology center from Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive retrospective study was performed. Data were collected from January 2014 to July 2020. These included age at diagnosis, sex, occupation according sun exposure (inside-job, outside-job and inside/outside-job), dwelling place, Fitzpatrick phototype, anatomical location, progression time, skin cancer (SC) history and development. We used relative and absolute frequencies to describe patients. Data analysis was performed in Epi Info. Results: Of 820 patients, 61% were women. Mean age was 66 years (SD ± 12). Of all patients, 5.4 out of 10 were phototype III. The median progression time was 34 months. The 57% (n = 468) of patients had inside-jobs. The face was the most commonly affected area in 750 patients (91%). History of SC was observed in 27% of patients, and 2.56% (n = 21) developed SC, from which five cases were squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Actinic keratosis may evolve into SC in a considerable percentage conversely to our study. We found that most of the patients with AK had an inside-job, which might reinforce the impact of genetic load, artificial lights exposure and the effect of protection barriers on AK development. Further studies are needed to improve clinical characteristics knowledge associated with AK.

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Cost analysis of rosacea treatments in a dermatologic center in Bogotá, Colombia
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Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction and objectives: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects quality of life and involves a variable clinical spectrum. Its prevalence oscillates between 2-10% and affects predominantly women in their 30s. Given its chronicity, it represents a high outlay for patients, who must invest in expensive topical and systemic treatments that Colombia’s health system does not cover. Our objective was to estimate the costs of rosacea’s treatment per month and in the third month of treatment in a dermatology center in Bogotá, Colombia.

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Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
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Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos | 2022

To model the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic including new VOCs and vaccines and estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program in Colombia. We developed a SEIARHUDSq micro-simulation model through nine exhaustive and mutually exclusive states: susceptible, exposed, symptomatic-infected, asymptomatic-infected, recovered, hospitalized general ward, Intensive Care Unit, death, and sequela. SEIARHUDSq was run with data reported up to October 21, 2021, and adjusted as a system of differential equations based on epidemiological (cases, deaths, VOCs, vaccine effectiveness, etc.) and economic (vaccines prices and administration, direct medical costs of states, etc.) inputs obtained from national sources and systematic literature reviews. DALYs and ICERs showed the burden of COVID-19 and the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program. Two scenarios, in addition to do-nothing, were modelled for infection rates (Beta) estimated by an agnostic model: 1) Beta=0.4 and 2) Beta=0.5, for 70 and 90% of vaccination coverages. The effect of the vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, AstraZeneca, and Janssen) was assumed 14 after their application. Willingness-to-pay was set as one GDP per capita (US$5,376). We reported costs in American dollars (1$US=COP$3,702). In Do-nothing scenario the DALYs ranges between 2.3 and 2.4 million. By vaccinating the population, the burden of disease decreased to under 2.15 million DALYs. If 70% of the population were vaccinated, direct medical and vaccination costs (including administration) would be between US$2.1-2.4 billion for a Beta of 0.4-0.5, respectively (net costs). Costs would vary between US$2.3 and 2.4 billion at 90% simulated coverage. COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia have been cost-effective for Beta=0.4 scenario (ICER 70% coverage: US$995.5; ICER 90% coverage: US$1,837) and for Beta=0.5 (ICER 90% coverage: US$1,792). The scenario for Beta=0,5 (ICER 70% coverage) was dominated. COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia, prioritizing elderly and population with comorbidities, has been highly cost-effective in most of the modeled scenarios.

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Cryotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment with vismodegib for local advanced nonsurgical basal cell carcinoma: a report of 8 cases
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Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin cancer worldwide. The most frequently used treatment for BCC is surgical resection. Lately, there are other options for nonsurgical BCC such as hedgehog pathways inhibitors, which is indicated in patients whose cancer is locally advanced and unresectable. We described the response of patients treated with vismodegib and cryotherapy as adjuvant management. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in a dermatologic center in Bogota, Colombia. We included patients with BCC diagnosis and were treated with vismodegib and cryotherapy from January 2018 to August 2020. Variables included age, sex, phototype, lesion location, treatment duration, number of cryotherapies, months of follow-up, and histologic subtypes. Variables were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: Of eight patients reviewed, four were female. Median age was 70 years old. Photoype III was the most frequent. Zone H was the most affected location. The mean number of cryotherapy sessions received during vismodegib treatment was 4.75, and the mean duration of treatment with the hedgehog inhibitor was 3.5 months. Patients were followed up for 15.57 months. Of the eight patients, four presented nodular pattern histology, in the rest the mixed subtype predominated. Conclusion: In general, there was a good response to treatment with a notable decrease in the size and control of the lesions. No side effects were described during the follow-up time; however, the patients will continue to be under strict controls.

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Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 mass vaccination in Colombia: a population-based cohort study
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Paternina-Caicedo, Angel | 2022

Background In February 2021, Colombia began mass vaccination against COVID-19 using mainly BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. We aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent COVID-19 symptomatic cases, hospitalization, critical care admission, and deaths in a cohort of 796,072 insured subjects older than 40 years in northern Colombia, a setting with a high SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We identified individuals vaccinated between March 1st of 2021 and August 15th of 2021. We included symptomatic cases, hospitalizations, critical care admissions, and deaths in patients with confirmed COVID-19 as main outcomes. We calculated VE for each outcome from the hazard ratio in Cox proportionally hazards regressions (adjusted by age, sex, place of residence, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus, cancer, hypertension, tuberculosis, neurological diseases, and chronic renal disease), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings A total of 719,735 insured participants of 40 and more years were followed. We found 21,545 laboratoryconfirmed symptomatic COVID-19 among unvaccinated population, along with 2874 hospitalizations, 1061 critical care admissions, and 1329 deaths, for a rate of 207.2 per million person-days, 27.1 per million person-days, 10.0 per million person-days, and 12.5 per million person-days, respectively. We found CoronaVac was not effective for any outcome in subjects above 80 years old; but for people 40-79 years of age, we found two doses of CoronaVac reduced hospitalization (33.1%; 95% CI, 14.5−47.7), critical care admission (47.2%; 95% CI, 18.5−65.8), and death (55.7%; 95% CI, 32.5−70.0). We found BNT162b2 was effective for all outcomes in the entire population of subjects above 40 years of age, significantly declining for subjects ≥80 years. Interpretation Two doses of either CoronaVac in population between 40 and 79 years of age, or BNT162b2 among vaccinated above 40 years old significantly reduced deaths of confirmed COVID-19 in a cohort of individuals from Colombia. Vaccine effectiveness for CoronaVac and BNT162b2 declined with increasing age. Funding UK National Institute for Health Research, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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EPH22 Prevalence and risk factors of post COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalized patients in Bolivar, Colombia: an observational study
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Lozano, A | 2022

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition after at least three months of hospital discharge in a retrospective cohort of patients from a health insurance company (Mutual SER EPS) living in the north of Bolivar, a department of Colombia. Methods: Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from 181 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the ward or intensive care unit (ICU) between March-2021 to August-2021. Patients who agreed to participate were evaluated by a structured telephone interview to identify persistent or new symptoms after at least three months of hospital discharge. Associations between at least one symptom and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics at admission were assessed through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression using a stepwise Akaike information criterion (AIC) selection. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) are reported. Results: Mean age of patients was 56 years (SD: 17 years), 50.8% (n=92) were women and 23.2% (n=42) were previously admitted to ICU. One-hundred-three patients (56.9%) had at least one comorbidity; being hypertension (36.5%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (18.2%) and heart disease (8.28%) the most common. The presence of at least one symptom after three months of hospital discharge was reported by 141 (77.9%) patients. Most frequently symptoms were fatigue (54.1%), joint pain (45.3%), dyspnea (43.1%), sleep disorders (36.5%), chest pain (30.4%), and anorexia (30.4%). Symptoms were significantly more frequent in women (aOR: 2.45, 95% CI 1.14- 5.29, p=0.02) and ICU admitted patients (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI 1.02-9.45 p=0.05), but were not associated with age, having comorbidities, or a previous long hospital stay. Conclusions: As reported in other studies, in Bolivar -Colombia, the presentation of post COVID-19 symptoms is frequent in previously hospitalized patients. Being a wome.

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Exacerbation and appearance of dermatosis during COVID-19 quarantine period in Bogotá, Colombia: a descriptive study of the psychological impairments
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Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Quarantine established in several countries by the new coronavirus pandemic, dramatically changed our lifestyle, affecting quality of life, skin, and psyche. We described the skin diseases that initiated or were exacerbated in quarantine and assessed the impact on quality of life and the possible presence of anxiety. Materials and methods: We performed a descriptive study from April 2020 to August 2020, assessing two questionnaires: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) in a dermatologic center. Variables analyzed were age, sex, onset or exacerbation of skin disease, DLQI and HADS-A scores. We used relative and absolute frequencies to describe patients. We collected data using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with SPSS. Results: Of 124 patients, 85 (69%) were women. Acne was the most frequent dermatosis with 18,5% (n = 23), followed by contact dermatitis with 22 patients (17,7%). HADS-A results showed that 24.2% of patients had psychological distress. DLQI most frequent results had a small effect in life (29.8%; n = 37). Patients with psoriasis and eczematous diseases showed a major impact on their quality of life. Conclusions: Quarantine has been related to exacerbation of pre-existent dermatologic conditions and the onset of skin affections. Lifestyle changes influenced the occurrence of acne and contact dermatitis. DLQI and HADS results did not show an important impact in patients’ quality of life. Further epidemiologic studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between quarantine and these dermatologic conditions.

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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a single center analysis
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Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated skin affection. Previous studies suggest that psychiatric conditions are more frequent in patients with HS than in other dermotologic diseases. In Colombia, we found no descriptive studies of its comorbidities. We described the HRQoL in patients with HS and its relationship with some comorbidities. Materials and Methods: We performed a descriptive and retrospective study in patients with HS in a dermotologic center in Bogotá, DC. We analyzed 24 patients attended from January 2017 to August 2020, assessing variables as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) were applied in 19 patients. Univariate analysis and nonparametric statistics were performed. Data was collected and analyzed in Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS26. Results: Of 24 patients, 18 were women (75%). The median age was 30 years old (IQR 21). The most frequently found comorbidities were acne and cardiovascular disease, 35.5% and 20.8%, respectively. DLQI’s most frequent result was a very large effect in 26.3% (n = 5). HADS-A showed anxiety in 6 cases (31.6%). HAD-D showed depression in 2 patients (10.5%). Conclusion: We found a greater association with acne and cardiovascular disease, which suggests a systemic and inflammatory involvement of the disease. Our findings related to HADS-A and DLQI reveal a great impact on the HRQoL and existence of anxiety symptoms, reinforcing the importance of multidisciplinary management. Further, larger studies are needed to validate these findings.

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How expensive are hospitalizations by Covid-19? evidence from Colombia
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ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. | 2022

Objectives This study aimed to estimate the direct medical costs due to hospitalizations by COVID-19 in Colombia and to identify their cost drivers in Colombia. Methods This is a retrospective cost-of-illness study of COVID-19 in Colombia. We estimated direct medical costs using data from patients insured to a Benefit Plan Administrator Company, between March 15, 2020 and May 29, 2020. Absolute and relative frequencies, averages, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were used to characterize the population and estimate the costs of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We stratified the cost analysis by sex, age groups, comorbidities, and type of hospitalization (general ward and intensive care unit [ICU]). Cost drivers were calculated from a generalized linear model. Results We studied 113 confirmed patients, 51.3% men. On average, the hospital length of stay was 7.3 (± 6.2) days. A person hospitalized with COVID-19 reported median costs of $1688 (IQR 788-2523). In women, this cost was $1328 (IQR 463-2098); in men, this was 1.4 times greater. The median cost for ICU was $4118 (IQR 2069-5455), 3 times higher than those hospitalized only in the general ward. Admission to the ICU, having 1 comorbidity, length of stay, high blood pressure, having 5 comorbidities, and being treated in the city of Cartagena were statistically significant with direct medical costs. Conclusions Our study provides an idea of the magnitude of costs needed to hospitalize a COVID-19 case in Colombia. Other studies in Colombia have assessed the costs of hospitalization for infectious diseases such as influenza, costs significantly lower than those described here.

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Indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Colombia, 1998-2019
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ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. | 2022

To estimate the indirect costs related to productivity losses attributable to premature mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) in Colombia, 1998-2017. Retrospective analysis from the human capital approach. We estimated the potential productivity years of life lost (PYLLs) related to DM deaths. We obtained mortality data from death certificates of the Colombian statistics bureau. PYLLs were assessed considering the productive lifetime in Colombia (ranged from 18 to 57 years in women and up to 62 for men) and the age of death (adjusted for mid-period). Two scenarios were built to value premature mortality: 1) Lower loss: PYLLs were quantified. Between 1998-2019, Colombia reported 157,156 DM deaths, 81% occurred over 60 years of age, and 57% in women. Premature DM deaths accounted for 260,879 PYLLs, 62.4% in men and 57.6% in population aged 40-64 years. The non-discounted costs related to DM premature mortality range between US$942 million–1.7 billion throughout the study period. The economic burden associated with this disease in the discounted scenario ranges from US$573 million–1 billion. For 2019, these costs range between US$. We valued the economic burden due to DM premature deaths in Colombia. To complete this burden, it is necessary to include direct costs, out-of-pocket health expenditures, and indirect costs associated with loss of productivity owing to disability.

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Infant immunization coverage in a colombian poor municipality in the post-conflict era
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ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. | 2022

Colombia has an expanded program of immunization of >22 biologics mainly for younger than 6 years old. We aimed to estimate vaccination coverage in children under 6 years old in San Jacinto (Bolivar), in a post-conflict and COVID-19 pandemic scenario. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October to November of 2021, in a Caribbean municipality of Colombia (24,910 population) mostly affected by the armed conflict. A two-stage cluster sampling was used with a precision of 5.5% and a design effect of 2, considering a non-response rate of 20%. We collected data on immunization record cards and other basic sociodemographic information from surveys of caregivers of children. Absolute and timely-vaccine coverages adjusted by age were. Out of 187 surveyed children, 159 (85.3%) had vaccination card. BCG (tuberculosis) vaccine had the greater coverage (99,3%), followed by Hb, pentavalent, and polio (>98%). All biologics showed absolute coverages greater than 90%, except for yellow fever (82.6%) and 5-year boosters (70% for MMR [measles, mumps, rubella] booster and 73% for polio and DPT booster). Age-appropriate timely vaccination coverages were lower than absolutes for all biologics. BCG and hepatitis B had coverages of 97% and Although most vaccination coverages were greater than 90%, probably the mobility restrictions due to the pandemic severely impacted the timing of vaccination. Other plausible reasons are the timely flow of vaccines (opportunity in administration and vaccine shortages).

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Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis in Colombia: preliminary results of rendac
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ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. | 2022

We aim to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Colombia, due to the lack of epidemiological information about this dermatitis in our country. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out. The data used was from the first phase of the National Registry of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Colombia (RENDAC, for its acronym in Spanish). This data was collected between July and September 2021. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated. In addition, we estimated contingency tables using the SCORAD variable, which shows the level of severity of the AD. A total of 644 patients were analyzed, 345 were women (53.6%) and 390 were under 18 years (60.6%). Respecting social variables, we found that 81.5% live in urban areas (n=524), and 60.9% (n=392) have health care access through a privacy health insurance company. In 235 patients (36.5%) was found other skin comorbidities. The 27,5% of patients (n=177) had severe AD and are treated mainly with high potency topical corticoid and systemic treatment. After one-year, RENDAC show mainly patients of young age, female, belonging to urban areas and being affiliated to a privacy health insurance company. It is necessary to enlarge this sample to really understand the epidemiological behavior of AD in Colombia.

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Substantial out-of-pocket health expenditure on prenatal check-ups: estimates from a sample of pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia
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ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. | 2022-02-02

Objective: We aimed to estimate out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures and the indirect costs related to prenatal check-ups in pregnant women seen in a maternity hospital in the Colombian Caribbean region. Methods: We described the economic costs of pregnant women, with no age limits, who attended prenatal check-ups in a maternity hospital. To estimate OOP and indirect costs owing to prenatal check-ups in pregnant women, a survey was constructed, where the woman was asked about some sociodemographic variables, to characterize those attending the prenatal check-ups. Absolute and relative frequencies, averages and confidence intervals were used to characterize the population and estimate OOP and indirect costs in pregnant women. The latter were estimated from the percentile method. A bootstrapping was performed to reduce the bias within the analysis. Results: In total, 56 pregnant women were surveyed, with an average age of 25.9 years (±6.2). All women surveyed had OOP associated to the prenatal check-up in at least one costitem, and the OOP ranged between $0.3 and $108.7. Transportation was the item with the highest frequency of expenses, followed by food, other expenses, and drugs. The mean of OOP expenditures was $24.3 (CI 95% $18.1–31.4) for women who attended their prenatal check-up. Discussion: Considering the estimated OOP health expenditures caused by prenatal checkups by household income, women living with 2–3 minimum wages, these proportions were 5%, 3%, respectively. Unfortunately, this makes prenatal care a significant source of economic burden, impacting poor households in Cartagena.

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Trends in cancer mortality in Colombia, 1979-2019
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ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J. | 2022

To estimate and analyze cancer mortality trends in Colombia, 1979–2019. Ecological study of cancer mortality trends in Colombia. We obtained individual and anonymized records from death certificates gathered by the Colombian statistics bureau. Crude and age-standardized mortality rates (AMR) were calculated expressed in deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. For the adjustment of mortality rates by age, the direct method was used. The trend in mortality rates by sex and age was modeled using Joinpoint regression analysis. Annual percent change (APC) and the estimated. Between 1979-2019, 1,194,207 of cancer deaths occurred in Colombia (annual average: 29,127 deaths), 51.6% were in women (p <0.05). For men, AMR diminished from 110.4 in the 80s to 89.7 in 2019, and from 125.7 to 79.1 per 100.000 in women, respectively. In 65+, age-specific mortality rates were higher for men than for women. In men, between 1979-1981, AMR increased 16.1% (APC: 16.1% 95%CI 8.1-24.6) per year, and between 1981-1995 increased 0.6% (APC 0.6% 95%CI 0.2-0.9) per year. From 1998 to. The downward trend in cancer mortality rates in Colombian population is probably due to variations in prevalence and changes in risk factors such as fatality associated with access to healthcare services, as well as demographic and environmental changes.

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Browsing by Author "00644ca08291213271c11d23d82b8cb5"

Actinic keratosis in Colombia: first approaches ﻿

Cost analysis of rosacea treatments in a dermatologic center in Bogotá, Colombia ﻿

Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis ﻿

Cryotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment with vismodegib for local advanced nonsurgical basal cell carcinoma: a report of 8 cases ﻿

Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 mass vaccination in Colombia: a population-based cohort study ﻿

EPH22 Prevalence and risk factors of post COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalized patients in Bolivar, Colombia: an observational study ﻿

Exacerbation and appearance of dermatosis during COVID-19 quarantine period in Bogotá, Colombia: a descriptive study of the psychological impairments ﻿

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a single center analysis ﻿

How expensive are hospitalizations by Covid-19? evidence from Colombia ﻿

Indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Colombia, 1998-2019 ﻿

Infant immunization coverage in a colombian poor municipality in the post-conflict era ﻿

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis in Colombia: preliminary results of rendac ﻿

Substantial out-of-pocket health expenditure on prenatal check-ups: estimates from a sample of pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia ﻿

Trends in cancer mortality in Colombia, 1979-2019 ﻿

Envíos recientes

Actinic keratosis in Colombia: first approaches

Cost analysis of rosacea treatments in a dermatologic center in Bogotá, Colombia

Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis

Cryotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment with vismodegib for local advanced nonsurgical basal cell carcinoma: a report of 8 cases

Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 mass vaccination in Colombia: a population-based cohort study

EPH22 Prevalence and risk factors of post COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalized patients in Bolivar, Colombia: an observational study

Exacerbation and appearance of dermatosis during COVID-19 quarantine period in Bogotá, Colombia: a descriptive study of the psychological impairments

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a single center analysis

How expensive are hospitalizations by Covid-19? evidence from Colombia

Indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Colombia, 1998-2019

Infant immunization coverage in a colombian poor municipality in the post-conflict era

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis in Colombia: preliminary results of rendac

Substantial out-of-pocket health expenditure on prenatal check-ups: estimates from a sample of pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia

Trends in cancer mortality in Colombia, 1979-2019

Actinic keratosis in Colombia: first approaches

Cost analysis of rosacea treatments in a dermatologic center in Bogotá, Colombia

Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis

Cryotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment with vismodegib for local advanced nonsurgical basal cell carcinoma: a report of 8 cases

Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 mass vaccination in Colombia: a population-based cohort study

EPH22 Prevalence and risk factors of post COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalized patients in Bolivar, Colombia: an observational study

Exacerbation and appearance of dermatosis during COVID-19 quarantine period in Bogotá, Colombia: a descriptive study of the psychological impairments

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a single center analysis

How expensive are hospitalizations by Covid-19? evidence from Colombia

Indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Colombia, 1998-2019

Infant immunization coverage in a colombian poor municipality in the post-conflict era

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis in Colombia: preliminary results of rendac

Substantial out-of-pocket health expenditure on prenatal check-ups: estimates from a sample of pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia

Trends in cancer mortality in Colombia, 1979-2019