Now showing items 1-19 of 19

Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america

L.S. Oliveira, Marcos; Neckel, Alcindo; Pinto, Diana; Stolfo Maculan, Laercio; Dalmagro Zanchett, Matheus Roberto; F.O. Silva, Luis (2021-03-14)

Historic buildings that comprise the cultural heritage of humanity are in need of preservation on a worldwide scale in regard to degradation resultant from atmospheric pollutants. The Brazilian Public Market, located in ...
An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces

Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe; Pinto, Diana; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2020-08-05)

Air pollution monitoring is one of the most important features in contamination risk management. This is because many of the compounds contained within air pollution present a serious risk both for the preservation of open ...
Atmospheric nanocompounds on lanzarote island: vehicular exhaust and igneous geologic formation interactions

Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe; Pinto, Diana; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; Sampaio, Carlos H. (Universidad de la Costa, 2020-04-28)

Atmosphere contamination management is one of the most important features in pollution risk management. The worldwide rise in tourism increases apprehension about its probable destructive conservation influence on various ...
Biophysical matter in a marine estuary identified by the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite and the presence of terrestrial iron (Fe) nanoparticles

Neckel, Alcindo; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; Castro Bolaño, Lauren J.; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Dal Moro, Leila; BODAH, ELIANE; Moreno-Ríos, Andrea L.; Bodah, Brian William; Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021)

The analysis of marine matter using the Sentinel-3B OLCI (Ocean Land Color Instrument) satellite is the most advanced technique for evaluating: the absorption of colored detrital and dissolved material (ADG_443_NN), total ...
Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia

Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021-02)

Among the diverse archeological relics of the past, the Cartagena de Indias Wall is one of the greatest representations of European cultural architecture in South America. To assess the implication of contamination on the ...
Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems

Zorzi, Carla Gabriela Carlot; Neckel, Alcindo; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Tibério Cardoso, Grace; Dal Moro, Leila ; Almeida Del Savio, Alexandre (China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking UniversityChina, 2021)

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has the potential to cause natural ventilation systems in hospital environments to be rendered inadequate, not only for workers but also for people who transit through these environments ...
Geospatial analysis of Ae. aegypti foci in southern Brazil

Goellner, Emanuelle; Neckel, Alcindo; Bodah, Brian William; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Oliveira de Almeida Silva, Caliane Christie; Piccinato Junior, Dirceu; Grub, Julian; Cambrussi, Laura; Korcelski, Cleiton; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro (Elsevier BVUnited Kingdom, 2021)

Arboviruses have become a major public health problem in recent decades. Ae. aegypti has been the vector responsible for the greatest spread of these diseases. This study aims to identify outbreaks of Ae. aegypti, through ...
Geotechnologies applied to the analysis of buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine to the integrated food safety system and environment

Dal Moro, Leila; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Neckel, Alcindo; de Vargas Mores, Giana; Pivoto, Dieisson; BODAH, ELIANE; William Bodah, Brian; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021)

Initiatives to promote food security in relation to reducing food waste are of relevant for sustainability on a global scale. Rural buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine, in an integrated system tend ...
Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability

Neckel, Alcindo; Korcelski, Cleiton; Aniceto Kujawa, Henrique; Schaefer da Silva, Izabella; Prezoto, Fábio; Walker Amorin, Anderson Luis; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Gonçalves Jr., Affonso Celso; Thaines Bodah, Eliane; William Bodah, Brian; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2020-09-14)

Urban cemeteries on a global scale raise concerns due to their potential to concentrate differing levels of hazardous pollutants in their native soils due to the unnatural concentration of burials in a limited space. It ...
Identification of hazardous nanoparticles present in the Caribbean Sea for the allocation of future preservation projects

Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe; Lozano, Liliana P.; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; da Boit, Kátia; Gonçalves, Janaína; Neckel, Alcindo (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021)

The deposition of remaining nanoparticles in the Caribbean Sea generates the formation of potentially dangerous elements, which influence at the imbalance of ecosystems. The detection of nanoparticles is not simple and the ...
Indoor nanoparticle characterization in construction waste recycling companies over time

Pinto, Diana; Neckel, Alcindo; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Adelodun, Bashir (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021-12-20)

Building activity is a significant source of atmospheric contamination by ultrafine dust. Cognizant of this fact, those active in the use and recycling of construction materials must be aware of the risks associated with ...
Land surface temperature and vegetation index as a proxy to microclimate

Maroni, Daniela; Tibério Cardoso, Grace; Neckel, Alcindo; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; L.S. Oliveira, Marcos; Thaines Bodah, Eliane; William Bodah, Brian; Santosh, M. (2021-06-04)

The effect of global climate change on the temperature of urban areas has become more pronounced in the past couple decades, impacting population and quality of life. The United Nations (UN), the National Aeronautics and ...
Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): The protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings

Oliveira S., Marcos L; Flores, Erico; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva O., Luis F. (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021)

The recent focus of the impacts of atmospheric pollution on effective conservation methods for historic structures of great cultural heritage has been shown to be of critical importance for preservation. This work focuses ...
Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings

Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; Flores, Erico; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021)

The recent focus of the impacts of atmospheric pollution on effective conservation methods for historic structures of great cultural heritage has been shown to be of critical importance for preservation. This work focuses ...
Nanoparticles as vectors of other contaminants in estuarine suspended sediments: natural and real conditions

Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Pinto, Diana; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe (Corporación Universidad de la Costa, 2021)

Studding the behaviour and danger of nanoparticles (NPs, minerals and amorphous phases) in the estuarine ecosystem is presently incomplete by the lack of measureable description of NPs in the ecological conditions, such ...
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation

William Bodah, Brian; Neckel, Alcindo; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Milanés Batista, Celene; Korcelski, Cleiton; Ramírez, Omar; Mendez Espinosa, Juan Felipe; Bodah, Eliane Thaine; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro (Elsevier Ltd.United Kingdom, 2022-07-10)

The European Space Agency (ESA) provides opportunities for researchers on a global scale to identify gaseous pollutants using the most modern techniques of analysis by satellite images from the Sentinel-5P satellite, in ...
The impact of air pollutants on the degradation of two historic buildings in Bordeaux, France

S. Oliveira, Marcos L.; Neckel, Alcindo; Pinto, Diana; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; O. Silva, Luis F. (Urban Climate, 2021)

Urban centers concentrate high levels of atmospheric pollutants, sourced by vehicular traffic, public transit systems, industrial emissions and agricultural emissions. This leads to the accumulation of gases and particulate ...
The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil

Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe; Pinto, Diana; Neckel, Alcindo; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro (Universidad de la Costa, 2020)

The study of the prevalence of agglomerated nanoparticles (ANPs) containing potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in the atmosphere is an emerging field of research. As such, the development of effective analytical procedures ...
Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries

Carollo Toscan, Paloma; Neckel, Alcindo; Stolfo Maculan, Laércio; Korcelski, Cleiton; Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro; BODAH, ELIANE; William Bodah, Brian; Kujawa, Henrique Aniceto; Gonçalves Jr., Affonso Celso (China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking UniversityChina, 2021-09-28)

Urban cemeteries are increasingly surrounded by areas of high residential density as urbanization continues world-wide. With increasing rates of mortality caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, urban vertical cemeteries ...

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Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america
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L.S. Oliveira, Marcos | 2021-03-14

Historic buildings that comprise the cultural heritage of humanity are in need of preservation on a worldwide scale in regard to degradation resultant from atmospheric pollutants. The Brazilian Public Market, located in the historic center of the mega city of Sao Paulo, is the object of this research, due to its representation of historical Brazilian architecture. The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the influence of air pollutants on the degradation of the historic Sao Paulo Public Market in the city of Sao~ Paulo, Brazil. Methodologically, between May 2018 and April 2019, samples of sedimented dust were collected at five points on the side walls of the market’s historic structure, for the analysis of accumulated ultrafine particles (UFPs) and nanoparticles (NPs). A total of 20 samples of particulate matter were collected using self-made passive samplers (SMPSs). Using SMPSs, 12 months of accumulation and deposition were used to sample the atmospheric PM1. The results demonstrate the presence of dangerous elements such as: As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn. Note that EDS coupled with microscopy techniques, points out the risks to human health, due to the presence of these dangerous elements that accumulate in the building’s structure. The results show that 85% of the NPs sampled contained Pb, and 56% contained Pb and Ti, which are harmful to both historic buildings and human health. Air pollution enables the further deterioration of the Sao Paulo Public Market, which is in need of restoration.

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An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces
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Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe | 2020-08-05

Air pollution monitoring is one of the most important features in contamination risk management. This is because many of the compounds contained within air pollution present a serious risk both for the preservation of open air cultural heritage and for human health. New particle formation is a major contributor to urban pollution, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling. As more and more people enjoy an increased quality of life through outdoor activity, managing outdoor air quality is vital. This study presents the application of a low-cost system for monitoring the current level of road traffic passengers’ exposure to particulate air contamination. The global rise in tourism also leads to apprehension about its probable destructive influence on various aspects of global preservation. One of the major risks encountered by tourists, stemming from modes of transport, are nanoparticles (NPs) ( 100 nm) and ultra-fine particles (UFPs) (100–1000 nm) consisting of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs). This study examines Steen Castle, a medieval fortress located in Antwerp, Belgium. Significant NPs with PHEs, were found in the air sampled in this area. The self-made passive sampler (LSPS) described in this study, consisting of retainers specially designed for advanced microscopic analysis, is used for the first time as a simple way to characterize the surrounding atmospheric contamination caused by NPs and UFPs, without the need of other commonly employed more expensive particulate focused active samplers such as cascade impactors. This study aims to assess the result of the utilization of a low-cost, LSPS, to determine outdoor NPs and UFPs in a Belgian urban (Steen Castle) and rural area (Fort van Schoten). This work is the first to detail the usefulness of LSPS for the evaluation of Belgium’s outdoor air for NPs and UFPs, which contain PHEs.

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Atmospheric nanocompounds on lanzarote island: vehicular exhaust and igneous geologic formation interactions
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Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe | 2020-04-28

Atmosphere contamination management is one of the most important features in pollution risk management. The worldwide rise in tourism increases apprehension about its probable destructive conservation influence on various aspects of global conservation. One of the principal dangers increased by tourism-based modes of travel are nanoparticles (NPs) containing potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) contamination. One example of this is island destination of Lanzarote, in Spain's Canary Islands in which we examined contamination of the local atmosphere, water and soil. Important NPs containing PHEs, (e.g. arsenic, chromium, lead, and mercury), were found in this locale. It is reasonable to assume that this pollution poses an increased environmental danger to the local biome(s). Modes of transport (i.e. by car, airplane, bus) were shown to be an important contributor to this localized contamination as demonstrated by particulate matter (PM) readings collected near the island's airport. If no measures are taken to reduce vehicle and aircraft traffic, the tendency is to increase environmental degradation will continue unabated. As this particular area of Lanzarote is also one of wine production, increased pollution has the potential for negative impacts on the region's economy.

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Biophysical matter in a marine estuary identified by the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite and the presence of terrestrial iron (Fe) nanoparticles
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Neckel, Alcindo | 2021

The analysis of marine matter using the Sentinel-3B OLCI (Ocean Land Color Instrument) satellite is the most advanced technique for evaluating: the absorption of colored detrital and dissolved material (ADG_443_NN), total suspended matter concentration (TSM_NN) and of chlorophyll-a (CHL_NN) on a global scale. The objective is to analyze ADG_443_NN, TSM_NN and CHL_NN using the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite and the presence of Fe-nanoparticles (NPs) + hazardous elements (HEs) in suspended sediments (SSs) in the maritime estuary of the Colombian city of Barranquilla. The study used the unpublished image of the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite in the evaluation of ADG_443_NN, TSM_NN and CHL_NN in 72 sampled points. Subsequently, 36 samples of SSs were carried out in the Magdalena River, in the identification of Fe-NPs by advanced electron microscopies. The Sentinel-3B satellite revealed particulate accumulations in OCE1 through the intensity of OLCI in ocean. There was also a high Fe-NPs intensity of SSs in the Magdalena channel, spreading contamination to large regions.

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Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia
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Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro | 2021-02

Among the diverse archeological relics of the past, the Cartagena de Indias Wall is one of the greatest representations of European cultural architecture in South America. To assess the implication of contamination on the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias - Colombia, a detailed, multi-analytical approach was conducted on components of the wall. Accumulated ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and superficial nano-particles (NPs) containing hazardous elements (HEs) on the wall were identified in an attempt to understand whether atmospheric pollution is hastening the depreciation of the structure itself. Mortar which at one point held the stones together is now weak and has fallen away in places. Irreparable damage is being done by salt spray, acid rain and the site’s tropical humid climate. Several HEs and organic compounds found within the local environment are also contributing to the gradual deterioration of the construction. In this study, advanced microscopy analyses have been applied to understand the properties of UFPs and NPs deposited onto the wall’s weathered external walls through exposure to atmospheric pollution. Several materials identified by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) can be detected using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The presence of anglesite, gypsum, hematite containing HEs, and several organic compounds modified due to moisture and contamination was found. Black crusts located on the structure could potentially serve as a source of HEs pollution and a probable hazard to not only to the ecosystem but also to human health.

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Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems
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Zorzi, Carla Gabriela Carlot | 2021

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has the potential to cause natural ventilation systems in hospital environments to be rendered inadequate, not only for workers but also for people who transit through these environments even for a limited duration. Studies in of the fields of geosciences and engineering, when combined with appropriate technologies, allow for the possibility of reducing the impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the environment, including those of hospitals which are critical centers for healthcare. In this work, we build parametric 3D models to assess the possible circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the natural ventilation system of a hospital built to care infected patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building Information Modeling (BIM) was performed, generating 3D models of hospital environments utilizing Revit software for Autodesk CFD 2021. The evaluation considered dimensional analyses of 0°, 45°, 90° and 180°. The analysis of natural ventilation patterns on both internal and external surfaces and the distribution of windows in relation to the displacement dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the air were considered. The results showed that in the external area of the hospital, the wind speed reached velocities up to 2.1 m/s when entering the building through open windows. In contact with the furniture, this value decreased to 0.78 m/s. In some internal isolation wards that house patients with COVID-19, areas that should be equipped with negative room pressure, air velocity was null. Our study provides insights into the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in internal hospital environments as well as external areas surrounding hospitals, both of which encounter high pedestrian traffic in cities worldwide.

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Geospatial analysis of Ae. aegypti foci in southern Brazil
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Goellner, Emanuelle | 2021

Arboviruses have become a major public health problem in recent decades. Ae. aegypti has been the vector responsible for the greatest spread of these diseases. This study aims to identify outbreaks of Ae. aegypti, through the capture of egg traps installed in the City of Passo Fundo, in southern Brazil, to understand the geospatial dimensions aimed at mapping to control the proliferation of these mosquitoes. Methodologically, 20 points were selected for trap placement using an Irregular Triangular Network. Then, ovitrap traps were distributed at the sampled points, during all seasons in 2016 and 2017. From the collected eggs, a colony of wild Ae. aegypti mosquitos was established and stored for future testing. Using geotechnologies, the mapping of each trap was carried out with an accuracy of up to 50 cm. The greatest number of outbreaks occurred in the autumn and summer seasons, with an average temperature of 18 °C and 350 mm of rain, and 22 °C and 300 mm of rain, respectively. Spring and winter, when temperatures are lower, 16 °C and 17 °C, respectively, saw fewer outbreaks. The places that stood out in the study were the two most densely populated and least vegetated areas of the city, Bairro Vila Luiza and the Centro neighborhood. This demonstrates that vegetation suppression and high urban density rates contribute to the proliferation of Ae. aegypti on a global scale.

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Geotechnologies applied to the analysis of buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine to the integrated food safety system and environment
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Dal Moro, Leila | 2021

Initiatives to promote food security in relation to reducing food waste are of relevant for sustainability on a global scale. Rural buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine, in an integrated system tend to comprise a variety of forms with complex characteristics. Studying the impacts of an integrated system on sustainability and food production becomes opportune. This study aims to analyze parameters in different buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine; considering economic, social and environmental factors with the use of remote sensing geotechnologies related to food safety. Methodologically, a K-means cluster analysis of the buildings was carried out to understand the impacts of raising poultry and pigs in relation to the distance from forests, roads, water bodies, distances from local and total buildings, based on the use of geotechnologies. Unpublished images from the Landsat TM-8 satellite were used, made available by the United States Geological Survey, in partnership with the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, modeled in QGIS. The results present eight production clusters, and a variation of distances between the studied buildings was identified, along with distances close to water resources. The importance of an integrated poultry and swine production system, which contributes to global food security, was highlighted.

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Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability
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Neckel, Alcindo | 2020-09-14

Urban cemeteries on a global scale raise concerns due to their potential to concentrate differing levels of hazardous pollutants in their native soils due to the unnatural concentration of burials in a limited space. It is paramount for sustainability that designers of future cemeteries take this into account in order to minimize the deposition and movement of these contaminants within the soil profile. The objective of this manuscript is to identify the levels of certain hazardous element contamination, specifically heavy metals, in the soil of horizontal urban cemeteries that do not utilize herbicides for weed control. In this, solutions were sought for the construction of future urban cemeteries capable of mitigating further contamination of the environment by the increase in interments. The soils of three urban cemeteries (A, B and C) in the Brazilian city of Carazinho, in Rio Grande do Sul State, were sampled with 5 monitoring points in the internal area and 5 points in the external area of the cemeteries. At each point, 3 replications were performed at two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm), totaling 180 samples in all, to determine the concentration of the following metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) (g kg-1). In addition, online interviews with 15 architects who design cemeteries were conducted. Architectural design solutions to mitigate environmental contamination were modeled utilizing the Building Information Modeling system (BIM). The results showed an excess of Cu in the soil of cemeteries A, B and C, surpassing the standards allowed by Brazilian federal regulations. A total of 80% of the interviewed architects expressed their preference for the vertical cemetery, with gas and effluent treatment systems to mitigate environmental impacts.

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Identification of hazardous nanoparticles present in the Caribbean Sea for the allocation of future preservation projects
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Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe | 2021

The deposition of remaining nanoparticles in the Caribbean Sea generates the formation of potentially dangerous elements, which influence at the imbalance of ecosystems. The detection of nanoparticles is not simple and the use of conventional methods is difficult application, which is why we highlight the immediacy and importance of this research for the areas of marine biology, urbanism, engineering and geosciences, applied in the Caribbean Sea. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the use of advanced methods for the determination of toxic nanoparticles, which can directly affect the development of marine organisms in the aquatic ecosystem in waters of the Caribbean Sea, favoring the construction of future international public policies with the elaboration of projects capable of mitigating these levels of contamination. The morphology and structure of nanoparticles were analyzed by emission scanning electron microscope with a high-resolution electron microscope. The nanoparticles smaller than 97 nm were identified in different proportions. The morphological analyses indicated nanoparticles' presence in the form of nanotubes, nanospheres, and nanofibers, which were shown in an agglomerated form. The presence of potentially hazardous elements, such as As, Cd, Pb, Mg, Ni and V were verified. In addition, the presence of asbestos in the form of minerals was confirmed, and that of titanium dioxide was found in large quantities. The results provide new data and emphasize the possible consequences to the in the Caribbean Sea, with the identification of dangerous elements (As, Cb, Pb, Hg, Ni and V), harmful to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need for strict control to reduce contamination of the Caribbean Sea and avoid risks to the ecosystem and public health, through suggestions of international public policies, through constant monitoring and the application of environmental recovery projects in this marine estuary.

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Indoor nanoparticle characterization in construction waste recycling companies over time
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Pinto, Diana | 2021-12-20

Building activity is a significant source of atmospheric contamination by ultrafine dust. Cognizant of this fact, those active in the use and recycling of construction materials must be aware of the risks associated with exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and ultra-fine particles (UFPs), as well as the associated health impacts. This work analyzed NPs and UFPs generated in a small building-material recycling company using high-resolution electron microscopes and X-ray Diffraction. A self-made passive sampler (LSPS) that can obtain particulate samples without physical and morphological changes, especially where there is a suspension of particulate material, was used in this study. A total of 96 particulate samples, using the LSPS for three months in four seasons, were collected during the study. Thus, the dry deposition of the particles, which are considered highly harmful to human health, was found in each of the four seasons of the year. It is suggested that for future research, the toxicological evaluations of the particulates in the construction industry should be investigated through the consideration of measures to control and mitigate the health risks of workers regarding exposure to NPs and UFPs.

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Land surface temperature and vegetation index as a proxy to microclimate
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Maroni, Daniela | 2021-06-04

The effect of global climate change on the temperature of urban areas has become more pronounced in the past couple decades, impacting population and quality of life. The United Nations (UN), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have emphasized the impact of urban structures on microclimatic. A better understanding of these effects is important to formulate effective strategies that would contribute to address the impacts of increased urban growth. Here we address a case study of the Vila Rodrigues neighborhood, located in Passo Fundo City in southern Brazil to analyze the variations of emissivity, temperature and vegetation of the terrestrial surface, with influence of buildings. We employ Landsat satellite images, and unpublished data provided by the NASA, interpolated and classified in the QGIS software, using Bands 4, 5 and 10, converted to Gray Level (NC). This procedure allowed the spectral radiance of the reflectance temperature to be obtained. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used, with correction of emissivity and spectral error, in the identification of the surface temperature of different areas in the Villa Rodrigues. The results showed a total variation of 3.86ºC among the sampled points, which is increased by the difference in significance of the thermal balance in urban areas under open sky with buildings. We suggest that green areas and parks with abundant vegetative cover and the application of new building materials in future constructions would help to improve the urban climate, and such regulation of the local temperature on global scale is an effective step towards addressing the adverse effects from climate change.

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Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): The protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings
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Oliveira S., Marcos L | 2021

The recent focus of the impacts of atmospheric pollution on effective conservation methods for historic structures of great cultural heritage has been shown to be of critical importance for preservation. This work focuses on medieval Roman mortars and ceramics from the historic Forum of Caesar and Nerva, in Rome, Italy, and analyzes the urgency of repair of defects in rendered façades based on the inspection of surfaces where defects were detected, defining a methodology to predict the repair urgency of defects and building elements. X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses are well equipped to study mineralogy, ultra-fine particles, and nanoparticles (NPs, minerals and amorphous phases) that are present in medieval Roman ruins. Applied analysis of ruin-derived mortar and ceramics detected the presence of materials, primarily constituted of quartz, alumino-silicates, Fe-hydr/oxides, portions of amorphous phases, calcareous minerals, pyroxene, and carbonaceous materials. The Forum of Caesar and Nerva are two of the greatest remaining symbols of historic Roman construction. Many compounds recognized by XRD can be revealed by advanced microscopies and vice versa. The incidence of NPs containing potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and numerous carbonaceous complexes linked with building material alterations due to moisture and atmospheric contamination were also discovered. This study assesses the philosophies of preservation and culture, while considering the exhaust emitted by vehicular traffic in order to propose a justifiable and effective method to best conserve historic Roman structures located in high traffic areas.

LEER
Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings
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Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro | 2021

The recent focus of the impacts of atmospheric pollution on effective conservation methods for historic structures of great cultural heritage has been shown to be of critical importance for preservation. This work focuses on medieval Roman mortars and ceramics from the historic Forum of Caesar and Nerva, in Rome, Italy, and analyzes the urgency of repair of defects in rendered façades based on the inspection of surfaces where defects were detected, defining a methodology to predict the repair urgency of defects and building elements. X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses are well equipped to study mineralogy, ultra-fine particles, and nanoparticles (NPs, minerals and amorphous phases) that are present in medieval Roman ruins. Applied analysis of ruin-derived mortar and ceramics detected the presence of materials, primarily constituted of quartz, alumino-silicates, Fe-hydr/oxides, portions of amorphous phases, calcareous minerals, pyroxene, and carbonaceous materials. The Forum of Caesar and Nerva are two of the greatest remaining symbols of historic Roman construction. Many compounds recognized by XRD can be revealed by advanced microscopies and vice versa. The incidence of NPs containing potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and numerous carbonaceous complexes linked with building material alterations due to moisture and atmospheric contamination were also discovered. This study assesses the philosophies of preservation and culture, while considering the exhaust emitted by vehicular traffic in order to propose a justifiable and effective method to best conserve historic Roman structures located in high traffic areas.

LEER
Nanoparticles as vectors of other contaminants in estuarine suspended sediments: natural and real conditions
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Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro | 2021

Studding the behaviour and danger of nanoparticles (NPs, minerals and amorphous phases) in the estuarine ecosystem is presently incomplete by the lack of measureable description of NPs in the ecological conditions, such as suspended-sediments (SS). In the last years, several works have revealed the toxic consequences of ultra-fine and nanoparticulate compounds on diverse systems, raising apprehensions over the nanocontaminants behaviour and destiny in the numerous ecological partitions. The general objective of the manuscript is to explain the geochemical conditions of the LES (Laguna estuarine system, southern Brazil) suspended sediments covering an area around the main South American coal plant, enhancing the creation of future public policies for environmental recovery projects. Subsequently the discharge of nanoparticles and toxic element (TE) in the ecosystem, NPs react with several constituents of the nature and suffers active alteration progressions. Contamination coming from engineering actions, wastewater, are something identifiable, however when these contaminations are accompanied by other contamination sources (e.g. mining and farming) the work gets defaulted. By combining material about the concentration of TE contaminants and NPs occurrences, this work offers novel visions into contaminant contact and the possible effects of such exposure on estuarine systems in Brazil. The results presented here will be useful for different areas of estuaries around the world.

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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation
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William Bodah, Brian | 2022-07-10

The European Space Agency (ESA) provides opportunities for researchers on a global scale to identify gaseous pollutants using the most modern techniques of analysis by satellite images from the Sentinel-5P satellite, in the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), for the formation of current scenarios, applied to valuation environment aimed at possible improvements attributed to air quality and human health. The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the amounts of NO2 and CO gases with Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite images, collected during the year 2019, and apply the environmental valuation focused on air quality pollution, in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the host city, Passo Fundo (southern Brazil) from 2020 to early 2021. The air quality valuation study applied the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results showed that NO2 had the highest concentration with a value of 7.88e +15 Column mol/cm2. CO presented a value of 9.43e +33 Column mol/cm2. The creation of scenarios aimed at valuation for the application of improvements in atmospheric air quality the understanding of the Willingness to Pay (WTP) of the interviewees. 514 residents of the City of Passo Fundo were queried as to their WTP for clean air quality in the city. The resulting WTP values, when applied to all households in the city as a whole, yielded an average WTP value of R$1,517,478.24 and the median WTP is R$599,390.00. It is suggested that pubic policies be written to enable these, or similar, amounts to be collected annually in order to mitigate harmful pollutants, such as NO2 and CO, currently found in the air of the City of Passo Fundo.

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The impact of air pollutants on the degradation of two historic buildings in Bordeaux, France
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S. Oliveira, Marcos L. | 2021

Urban centers concentrate high levels of atmospheric pollutants, sourced by vehicular traffic, public transit systems, industrial emissions and agricultural emissions. This leads to the accumulation of gases and particulate matter (PM) which contribute to the degradation of historic buildings. Considering the importance of preserving historic structures, this manuscript examines the analysis of dangerous elements on the facades of two historic, UNESCO listed sites in Bordeaux, France, Grosse Cloche and Cathédrale St-André, due to the multiple influences of atmospheric pollutants, responsible for the degradation of historic buildings, in addition to causing possible compromises to human health. A total of 48 samples of particulate matter were collected between June 2018 and May 2019 using self-made passive samplers (SMPSs). Sedimented dust samples were collected from the same locations at the same time, one collection during each of the 4 seasons of the year. Analyses of accumulated ultrafine particles (UFPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were performed on the collected samples. The results detected the presence of more than 800 organic NPs with high levels of toxic elements. Of these, 78% were detected in samples obtained via SMPS and the others in sedimented dust. 60% were shown to have a diameter of less than 50 nm. The authors suggest restoring the sampled historical structures for the benefit of humanity, in addition to increasing the rigor of public policies to control the release of particulate matter.

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The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil
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Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe | 2020

The study of the prevalence of agglomerated nanoparticles (ANPs) containing potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in the atmosphere is an emerging field of research. As such, the development of effective analytical procedures for the documentation of ANPs in air dust is vital for the evaluation of human health consequences. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS) and advanced microscopy (AM) analyses of levels of pollutant concentration have been completed for many years in buildings worldwide. The chemical and mineralogical features of the Fortress of Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Araçatuba in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina were utilized to catalog the geologic makeup of the structure's raw materials. Analyses of diverse categories of historical building were developed and performed to show the incidence of normal and anthropogenic compounds with PHEs. These geochemical effects and the subsequent fate and transport of nanoparticulate and colloidal (1–1000 nm) compounds in the atmosphere have remained a focus of study for many years. However, the data published in the scientific literature is nowhere near adequate to generate an exhaustive standard of the performance, fate, and transport of natural and anthropogenic ANPs in the atmosphere. Studies to date do provide a preliminary argument for the human health risk calculations from historical buildings due to ANPs. Thus, the geochemical makeup of ANPs and their position in collected nanomineral–organic accumulations may offer some insight into their source. Our ability to detect such ANPs may decrease over time due to the tendency of historical buildings to accrete sludge over the years. The occurrence of PHEs in atmospheric ANPs has not formerly been recognized on the island environment examined in this study. However, it has been shown that it presents a clear and present danger to the preservation of historical monuments.

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Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries
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Carollo Toscan, Paloma | 2021-09-28

Urban cemeteries are increasingly surrounded by areas of high residential density as urbanization continues world-wide. With increasing rates of mortality caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, urban vertical cemeteries are experiencing interments at an unprecedented rate. Corpses interred in the 3rd to 5th layer of vertical urban cemeteries have the potential to contaminate large adjacent regions. The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the reflectance of altimetry, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) in the urban cemeteries and neighbouring areas of the City of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is assumed that the population residing in the vicinity of these cemeteries may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 contamination through the displacement of microparticles carried by the wind as a corpse is placed in the burial niche or during the first several days of subsequent fluid and gas release through the process of decomposition. The reflectance analyses were performed utilizing Landsat 8 satellite images applied to altimetry, NDVI and LST, for hypothetical examination of possible displacement, transport and subsequent deposition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that two cemeteries within the city, cemeteries A and B could potentially transport SARS-CoV-2 of nanometric structure to neighboring residential areas through wind action. These two cemeteries are located at high relative altitudes in more densely populated regions of the city. The NDVI, which has been shown to control the proliferation of contaminants, proved to be insufficient in these areas, contributing to high LST values. Based on the results of this study, the formation and implementation of public policies that monitor urban cemeteries is suggested in areas that utilize vertical urban cemeteries in order to reduce the further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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Browsing by Author "Neckel, Alcindo"

Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america ﻿

An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces ﻿

Atmospheric nanocompounds on lanzarote island: vehicular exhaust and igneous geologic formation interactions ﻿

Biophysical matter in a marine estuary identified by the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite and the presence of terrestrial iron (Fe) nanoparticles ﻿

Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia ﻿

Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems ﻿

Geospatial analysis of Ae. aegypti foci in southern Brazil ﻿

Geotechnologies applied to the analysis of buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine to the integrated food safety system and environment ﻿

Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability ﻿

Identification of hazardous nanoparticles present in the Caribbean Sea for the allocation of future preservation projects ﻿

Indoor nanoparticle characterization in construction waste recycling companies over time ﻿

Land surface temperature and vegetation index as a proxy to microclimate ﻿

Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): The protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings ﻿

Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings ﻿

Nanoparticles as vectors of other contaminants in estuarine suspended sediments: natural and real conditions ﻿

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation ﻿

The impact of air pollutants on the degradation of two historic buildings in Bordeaux, France ﻿

The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil ﻿

Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries ﻿

Envíos recientes

Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america

An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces

Atmospheric nanocompounds on lanzarote island: vehicular exhaust and igneous geologic formation interactions

Biophysical matter in a marine estuary identified by the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite and the presence of terrestrial iron (Fe) nanoparticles

Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia

Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems

Geospatial analysis of Ae. aegypti foci in southern Brazil

Geotechnologies applied to the analysis of buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine to the integrated food safety system and environment

Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability

Identification of hazardous nanoparticles present in the Caribbean Sea for the allocation of future preservation projects

Indoor nanoparticle characterization in construction waste recycling companies over time

Land surface temperature and vegetation index as a proxy to microclimate

Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): The protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings

Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings

Nanoparticles as vectors of other contaminants in estuarine suspended sediments: natural and real conditions

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation

The impact of air pollutants on the degradation of two historic buildings in Bordeaux, France

The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil

Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries

Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america

An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces

Atmospheric nanocompounds on lanzarote island: vehicular exhaust and igneous geologic formation interactions

Biophysical matter in a marine estuary identified by the Sentinel-3B OLCI satellite and the presence of terrestrial iron (Fe) nanoparticles

Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia

Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems

Geospatial analysis of Ae. aegypti foci in southern Brazil

Geotechnologies applied to the analysis of buildings involved in the production of poultry and swine to the integrated food safety system and environment

Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability

Identification of hazardous nanoparticles present in the Caribbean Sea for the allocation of future preservation projects

Indoor nanoparticle characterization in construction waste recycling companies over time

Land surface temperature and vegetation index as a proxy to microclimate

Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): The protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings

Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings

Nanoparticles as vectors of other contaminants in estuarine suspended sediments: natural and real conditions

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation

The impact of air pollutants on the degradation of two historic buildings in Bordeaux, France

The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil

Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries