Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
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Citar con el siguiente link: http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510
https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1035
Citar con el siguiente link: http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510
https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1035
Abstract
Researches related with the use of Natural Ester Fluids as refrigerant of power transformers has been developed in other countries with successful re-sults. In Colombia there is no a procedure to control the use of these esters in electrical apparatus, so the cur-rent implementations are regulated by NTC 1465 stan-dards for mineral esters. This new proposal involves the composition and the most relevant properties (the ignition resistance, impact on the lifetime of the in-sulating papers and the impact on the environment), which makes the application of natural esters fluids advantageous not only to preserve the environment but also to get a better performance of power transformers.
Referencias:
[1] NTC1465, NTC 1465: Especificaciones para Aceites Minerales Nuevos. Aislantes para Transformadores, Interruptores y Equipos Eléctricos., Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas ICONTEC, 2003. [2] ASTM D 6871 , D 6871 Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003. [3] ASTM D 2717 , D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids3, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995. [4] IEEE C57.147, C57.147-2008: Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers, New York: IEEE, 2008. [5] D. Martin, N. Lelekakis y W. Guo, «Further Studies of a Vegetable-Oil-Filled Power Transformer,» IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 6-14, 2011. [6] D. F. Navas, H. Cadavid y D. F. Echeverry, «Aplicación del aceite dieléctrico de origen vegetal en transformadores eléctricos1,» Revista Ingeniería, vol. 16, nº 1, pp. 201 -213, 2012. [7] ASTM D 92, D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989. [8] ASTM D 88 , D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1956. [9] ASTM D 97, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, United States: American Socity for Testing and Materials, 2005. [10] U. Biermann y J. O. Metzge, Doctoral thesis: Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil., University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 2007. [11] G. S. Cannon y L. A. Honary, «Soybean-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 5958851 A 19990928, 1999. [12] G. S. Cannon y J. A. Kotowsky, «Oxidation stability of native oils. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 6340658., 2002. [13] H. Le Chien y Y. Bertrand, «Dielectric liquid compositions based on modified oleic rapeseed oil as insulating liquids and coolants, and electric devices containing them.». France Patente FRXXBL FR 2855527 A1 20041203., 2004. [14] M. Hemmer, Doctoral thesis: Characterization of Rapeseed Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil, Karlsruhe: University of Karlsruhe, 2004. [15] C. P. McShane, J. Corkran, K. Rapp y J. Luksich, «Natural ester dielectric fluid development,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2006. [16] ASTM 924 D 3300, 924 D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, United States: Amercian Society for Testing and Materials, 2009. [17] ASTM D 1816, D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1997. [18] ASTM D 1903, D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996. [19] Factory Mutual Global, Separation distance, property loss prevention data sheets. (5-4 transformers, Section 2.3.1.1.1), 2004. [20] National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA., NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations., National Fire Protection Association, 2009. [21] A. Argeros, D. Pincus, Z. Shinar y A. Sultenfuss, Undergraduate thesis: Heat of Combustion of Oils., Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1988. [22] Chilworth Technology, Plainsboro N.J., «Process Safety Test Results and Interprestation for Envirotemp 200 Fluid, R-Temp Fluid, Tranelec Conventional Transformer Oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid, and DC 561 (Silicone Oil),» 2005. [23] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger y J. Luksich, «Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2001. [24] M. Huang y X. LI, «Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters,» Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 68, nº 2, pp. 293-304, 1998. [25] R. K. Jain, K. Lal y H. L. Bhatnagar, «A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives,» Die Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 183, nº 12, pp. 3003-3017, 1982. [26] T. V. Oommen y C. C. Claiborne, «Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils,» Cigré, pp. 15-302, 1998. [27] ASTM D 445, D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1965. [28] ASTM D 2766, D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and solids, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
[1] NTC1465, NTC 1465: Especificaciones para Aceites Minerales Nuevos. Aislantes para Transformadores, Interruptores y Equipos Eléctricos., Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas ICONTEC, 2003. [2] ASTM D 6871 , D 6871 Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003. [3] ASTM D 2717 , D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids3, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995. [4] IEEE C57.147, C57.147-2008: Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers, New York: IEEE, 2008. [5] D. Martin, N. Lelekakis y W. Guo, «Further Studies of a Vegetable-Oil-Filled Power Transformer,» IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 6-14, 2011. [6] D. F. Navas, H. Cadavid y D. F. Echeverry, «Aplicación del aceite dieléctrico de origen vegetal en transformadores eléctricos1,» Revista Ingeniería, vol. 16, nº 1, pp. 201 -213, 2012. [7] ASTM D 92, D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989. [8] ASTM D 88 , D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1956. [9] ASTM D 97, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, United States: American Socity for Testing and Materials, 2005. [10] U. Biermann y J. O. Metzge, Doctoral thesis: Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil., University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 2007. [11] G. S. Cannon y L. A. Honary, «Soybean-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 5958851 A 19990928, 1999. [12] G. S. Cannon y J. A. Kotowsky, «Oxidation stability of native oils. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 6340658., 2002. [13] H. Le Chien y Y. Bertrand, «Dielectric liquid compositions based on modified oleic rapeseed oil as insulating liquids and coolants, and electric devices containing them.». France Patente FRXXBL FR 2855527 A1 20041203., 2004. [14] M. Hemmer, Doctoral thesis: Characterization of Rapeseed Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil, Karlsruhe: University of Karlsruhe, 2004. [15] C. P. McShane, J. Corkran, K. Rapp y J. Luksich, «Natural ester dielectric fluid development,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2006. [16] ASTM 924 D 3300, 924 D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, United States: Amercian Society for Testing and Materials, 2009. [17] ASTM D 1816, D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1997. [18] ASTM D 1903, D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996. [19] Factory Mutual Global, Separation distance, property loss prevention data sheets. (5-4 transformers, Section 2.3.1.1.1), 2004. [20] National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA., NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations., National Fire Protection Association, 2009. [21] A. Argeros, D. Pincus, Z. Shinar y A. Sultenfuss, Undergraduate thesis: Heat of Combustion of Oils., Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1988. [22] Chilworth Technology, Plainsboro N.J., «Process Safety Test Results and Interprestation for Envirotemp 200 Fluid, R-Temp Fluid, Tranelec Conventional Transformer Oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid, and DC 561 (Silicone Oil),» 2005. [23] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger y J. Luksich, «Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2001. [24] M. Huang y X. LI, «Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters,» Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 68, nº 2, pp. 293-304, 1998. [25] R. K. Jain, K. Lal y H. L. Bhatnagar, «A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives,» Die Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 183, nº 12, pp. 3003-3017, 1982. [26] T. V. Oommen y C. C. Claiborne, «Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils,» Cigré, pp. 15-302, 1998. [27] ASTM D 445, D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1965. [28] ASTM D 2766, D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and solids, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510
https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1035
https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1035
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