Producción científica y académica

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Transformation of residual açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) seeds into porous adsorbent for efficient removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide from waters

Ramírez, Rolando | 2022-11-11

Brazil’s production and consumption of açai pulp (Euterpe oleracea) occur on a large scale. Most of the fruit is formed by the pit, which generates countless tons of residual biomass. A new purpose for this biomass, making its consumption highly sustainable, was presented in this study, where activated carbon (AC) was produced with zinc chloride for later use as an adsorbent. AC carbon formed by carbon and with a yield of 28 % was satisfactorily used as an adsorbent in removing the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Removal efficiency was due to the highly porous surface (Vp = 0.467 cm3 g−1; Dp = 1.126 nm) and good surface área (SBET = 920.56 m2 g−1). The equilibrium data fit the Sips heterogeneous and homogeneous surface model better. It was observed that the increase in temperature favored adsorption, reaching a maximum experimental capacity of 218 mg g−1 at 328 K. The thermodynamic behavior indicated a spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic behavior. The magnitude of the enthalpy of adsorption was in agreement with the physical adsorption. Regardless of the herbicide concentration, the adsorbent displayed fast kinetics, reaching equilibrium within 120 min. The linear driving force (LDF) model provided a strong statistical match to the kinetic curves. AC with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), created from leftover açai biomass, is a potential alternative as an adsorbent for treating effluents containing 2,4-D.

Mercurio total (Hg-T) en ictiofauna de mayor consumo en San Marcos - Sucre, Colombia

ROMERO SUÁREZ, DANIEL ANTONIO | 2022-12

Objetivo. Se cuantificó el Hg en músculo dorsal de las 11 especies de peces más consumidas en San Marcos, localizado en la región de la Mojana. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron muestras del músculo dorsal de las especies ícticas, cuantificando las concentraciones de Hg-T mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica por vapor frío (CVAAS). Resultados. Las especies que presentaron los más altos valores de Hg-T fueron las de hábitos alimenticios carnívoros: Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum (0.44±0.09 µg/g), Plagioscion surinamensis (0.42±0.14 µg/g) y Hoplias malabaricus (0.39±0.11 µg/g). No obstante, la máxima cantidad recomendable de Hg en peces (0.5 µg/g) fijado por la Unión Europea, no fue superada por ninguna de las especies estudiadas. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la ictiofauna comercial de la Mojana está contaminada por Hg, resultado de las actividades mineras que se desarrollan en los cauces de los ríos que descargan en esta región. El consumo persistente de pescado proveniente de las zonas evaluadas por parte de sus pobladores representa un alto riesgo, debido a la alta toxicidad del Hg, el cual presenta efectos adversos en la salud humana aun cuando es consumido en dosis bajas durante periodos de tiempo prolongados.

Direccionamiento organizacional de la Universidad de la Costa ante la pandemia Covid-19

Palacio Salgado, Claudia Roxana | 2022

El presente artículo, buscó analizar la percepción de los colaboradores de las respuestas organizacionales tomadas por la Universidad de la Costa, ubicada en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia en respuesta a los desafíos impuestos por la nueva realidad mundial a consecuencia de la pandemia del virus COVID-19. Lo anterior, se realizó a partir de una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, utilizando una encuesta de 20 afirmaciones y 6 ejes fundamentales aplicada a 909 colaboradores. Se encontró un índice del 87.5 con una percepción muy sobresaliente respecto al Índice de Respuesta Organizacional, así como un índice del 81.6 con una percepción sobresaliente respecto al Índice de Respuesta Personal, un Índice de Respuesta al Nuevo Mundo del 84.5 con una percepción muy sobresaliente y un Índice de Respuesta al Nuevo Mundo, que requiere atención prioritaria con un puntaje de 57,8 de acuerdo con el manejo de las actividades domésticas, laborales y emocionales de los colaboradores dentro del teletrabajo. Se concluye que las universidades, deben enfocar sus respuestas organizacionales teniendo en cuenta las necesidades y expectativas de sus colaboradores y la oportuna toma de decisiones junto con la rápida implementación de acciones para abordar el desafío de la pandemia del COVID-19.

Psychophysiological stress response of novel students in chemical laboratory practices

REDONDO FLÓREZ, LAURA | 2023-07

The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of novel pharmacy and biotechnology students in chemistry laboratory practices. Autonomic stress response was analyzed in 66 students by considering heart rate variability (HRV) values before, during, and after their first laboratory practice, as well as their distress perception before and after this activity. In the laboratory practice, students had to deal with toxic products, sharp objects, or irritating substances while being examined by the teachers. Consistent with a large anticipatory anxiety response at the beginning of the practice, results showed low HRV values, generally related to a typical sympathetic modulation. This sympathetic effect persisted during the entire laboratory practice. Moreover, just after the end of the practice, there was an attenuation of the sympathetic activation and a takeover by the parasympathetic system, as revealed by the increase of HRV parameters. Laboratory practices performed by novel Pharmacy and Biotechnology students did not produce the expected habituation response at psychophysiological level since, in addition to an anticipatory anxiety response observed prior to the laboratory practice, a high sympathetic autonomic activation was observed during the whole practice. In brief, using HRV parameters could be a useful tool to analyze stress responses in students and to help them with new strategies to improve routine evaluation procedures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Financiamiento a corto plazo de las micro y pequeñas empresas familiares del sector confección

Romero Borre, Jenny | 2022-11-25

Las micro y pequeñas empresas son una importante fuente de empleo en las economías subdesarrolladas, funcionan como agentes mitigadores de los efectos económicos de las grandes crisis. No obstante, una de las limitaciones más marcadas que les impide crecer y desarrollarse es el acceso limitado a la financiación. Este artículo analiza las fuentes de financiamiento de corto plazo utilizadas por las micro y pequeñas empresas familiares del sector confección de Barranquilla – Colombia. El estudio es descriptivo, de campo, no experimental, y la fuente de información la constituye un cuestionario de 27 ítems, aplicado a propietarios y/o gerentes de 93 establecimientos familiares afiliados a la Cámara de Comercio de Barranquilla. Los resultados muestran que estas unidades productivas manejan esquemas de financiamiento de corto plazo muy precarios, pues para mantener operaciones diarias recurren a fondos propios, así como también de familiares y amigos. Como siguiente opción muestran preferencias por fondos provenientes de prestamistas informales, los cuales son muy onerosos y representan una carga financiera que les impide crecer. En menor medida, hacen uso del crédito comercial y crédito bancario. Se concluye, que en términos generales el sector se mantiene en condiciones de subsistencia y sin posibilidades de ampliar la capacidad productiva a través de inversiones en bienes de capital, dado que no cuenta con los fondos necesarios y las garantías requeridas para financiar su expansión. Finalmente, bajo el escenario de la pandemia del COVID-19, se configura una situación de reducción del tamaño del sector.

Estrategias de enseñanza, metodologías de evaluación y desempeño estudiantil en negocios internacionales: un estudio exploratorio

Pozzo, Danielle | 2022

El presente estudio analiza de manera exploratoria la relación entre estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación, así como los resultados de aprendizaje reflejados en el desempeño de estudiantes a partir de datos longitudinales del programa de negocios internacionales de la Universidad de la Costa (Colombia). Tomando por base una metodología mixta, se realizaron análisis documentales asociados a entrevistas docentes para la consolidación de sistematizaciones cuanti-cualitativas. Los resultados evidencian que las estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación presentan coherencia entre sí y presentan alta variabilidad metodológica, así como adaptaciones de acuerdo con la modalidad de clase. Aunque preferidos por los docentes, los métodos no son saturados en su uso, siendo priorizadas las alternativas más pertinentes a las competencias a desarrollar. En conclusión, se destaca el desempeño discrepante entre las evaluaciones formativas y sumativas, y se observan diferencias en su amplitud de aplicación.

The impact of university-industry collaboration in SMEs innovation: the CUC-ICONOS case

Nunes Pozzo, Danielle | 2022

This study intends to analyze the impact of university-industry collaboration on SMEs innovations using the data from Universidad de la Costa (CUC) participation on ICONOS Program, in Colombia. Besides describing more traditional outcomes, such as volume and types of innovation, as well as categorize innovations as technology push and market pull, this paper explores the potential mutualism of the interaction based on the model of Shaeffer et al. (2021). Document analysis and additional interviews allowed the integration of 104 sources on the final proposed framework of interactions. Results infer the existence of a very significant mutualistic relationship as well as the presence of a cyclical flow, in which results become new inputs for each agent.

Thermal analysis of a parabolic trough collectors system coupled to an organic rankine cycle and a two-tank thermal storage system: case study of Itajubá-MG Brazil

Carrillo Caballero, Gaylord | 2022-11-04

This study examined an Organic Rankine Cycle powered by a parabolic trough collector and a two-tank thermal storage system based on the development of a mathematical model, for the conditions of the city of Itajubá in Brazil. First, geometrical optics and heat transfer models of the collector–receiver set were used to determine the thermal equilibrium of the solar thermal collector system and parameters such as the efficiency of the solar field, heat and optical losses, and thermal energy of the outlet fluid. Next, the thermal equilibrium of the Organic Rankine Cycle was found in order to establish its operational parameters. Finally, the behavior of the thermal storage system was analyzed through its modeling. Once the characterization of the storage system was completed, the integrated operation of the proposed system was evaluated. Given Itajubá’s weather conditions, the results indicate that an electricity generation system can be implemented with the Solel UVAC Cermet selective coating for the absorber tube, water as the heat transfer fluid, and R-245fa as the working fluid. Based on the solar irradiation profile (1 March 2019), the parabolic trough collectors provided 63.3% of the energy required by the Organic Rankine Cycle to generate 7.4 kW, while the thermal storage system provided 36.4% of the energy demanded by the power generation block. Additionally, the results demonstrate the main conclusions that the turbine’s efficiency was influenced by parameters such as rotational speed, which is affected by the turbine inlet temperature, which, in turn, depends on the behavior of the solar irradiation profile onsite.

Modeling and control of the hydraulic actuator in a ladle furnace

Nápoles-Báez, Yeizabet | 2022-11

The dynamic behavior of the hydraulic actuator in a system for regulating the electrode's position is crucial for the operation of a Ladle Furnace. This work aims to identify, model, and control the hydraulic actuator in the Ladle Furnace of ACINOX Las Tunas. For identifying the system, input signals of Pseudo-Random Binary type and black box models were used. As a result, three models were obtained, two reflecting the process's asymmetric behavior according to the upward or downward movement. The third model approximates the process dynamic behavior around the operating point and includes the uncertainty caused by the weight variation during the electrode wear. The models obtained, with a fit greater than 85%, allow a better understanding of the study case behavior. In addition, these allowed the evaluation of the electrode's weight variation and tuning of several controllers. The optimal one was a novel non-linear PI controller of guaranteed robustness. In future works, the use of a non-linear function could be evaluated to compensate for the asymmetric behavior of the process.

Trends in the knowledge area of organizations in Industry 5.0: perspectives and theoretical references

Ramírez Molina, Reynier Israel | 2024

The field of organizational studies has undergone significant transformations in the 21st century, initially focused on business structure and management to maximize effectiveness and performance. Currently there is talk of Industry 5.0, which seeks to integrate technologies such as the collective network of connected devices, cognitive computing, nanotechnology, robotization, artificial intelligence and digitization of human processes. This research seeks to analyze the trends in knowledge of organizations, through a post-positivist approach based on empirical observation and experimentation to assess the study variable, select contemporary scientific literature, and review legal foundations, using databases of high impact and scientific rigor. The results are oriented by the strategic management of knowledge and intellectual assets, innovation and creativity, technology, and information. It is concluded that these are influenced by the requirements of the environment with a sustainable and sustainable approach, it is imperative to adapt to these trends to maintain a holistic perspective to ensure the permanence in time of organizations in the face of dynamic market changes.

Mapping age- and sex-specifc HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Haeuser, Emily | 2022-12-19

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods. We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results. We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions. As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.

Organizational capabilities and competitive strategies in a developing country. An empirical analysis

Baez Palencia, Diego Alberto | 2022

This paper expands the discussion about competitive strategy and resource-based view from a developing country. A scoring method is used to identify the strategic profile, and organizational capabilities. Logistic models were performed for empirical analysis using data from a sample of educational services providers from Colombia. Findings showed that technological, and management capabilities influence strategy, changing the firm's strategic profile due to increases in the capabilities level. Results showed the existence of hybrid strategies according to the organizational capabilities. Future lines of research related to the inclusion of external variables, measures of performance, and the inclusion of general and hybrid strategies are stated.

The willingness to forgive among the Wayuu and among people from other indigenous communities in Colombia

Turizo-Palencia, Yamile | 2023-07-10

Introduction/aim: Willingness to forgive has been studied in different situations, however, there are no published studies in Colombia with indigenous populations and taking into account their worldview. The present research was aimed at examining the willingness to forgive of people from various ethnic minorities in Colombia such as the Embera, Nasa, Pijao and Kaamash-Hu communities and focusing in particular on the Wayuu community. Method: An experimental design was used and a cluster analysis was performed. The sample was composed of 159 indigenous adults (30% male) between the ages of 18 and 76, who were shown a series of scenarios describing a common situation in which an orchard was damaged by domestic animals belonging to a neighbour. Three factors were manipulated in the scenario: the severity of the damage, the level of carelessness of the animals’ owner, and the animals’ owner’s explanations and apologetic behaviour. Results: Cluster analysis yielded five qualitatively different positions: Never forgive under any circumstances (6% of the sample, primarily participants from the Embera community), Depends on apology and neglect (15%), Depends on apology, consequences, and neglect (30%, primarily participants from the Kaamash-Hu community), and Almost always forgive (36%, primarily people from the Wayuu community). Conclusion: Thus, there is a convergence between the results of this study and the anthropological observations of the participating ethnic communities. Forgiveness is closely linked to the cosmovision of each indigenous group.

Innovation systems in industry 5.0: theoretical and methodological bases

Ramírez Molina, Reynier Israel | 2024-01-15

The research identifies current innovation systems according to their theoretical and methodological bases. The method used in this work is guided by the review of the literature, interpreted from the foundations of hermeneutics. The results show that the theoretical bases of innovation systems have evolved over time, according to schools of thought, epoch and emerging models co-created by the new era of empirical knowledge, and technology has been responsible for the volatile changes it has had to face, while methodologies are subscribed by innovation in human talent, and adoption of technology, which has sometimes generated barriers to its appropriation for its proper use. The reported findings allow us to conclude that innovation systems favor a sustainable approach to organizations to achieve an economy of scale with emphasis on the implementation of technologies and communication, based on optimization, systematization in the use of resources, elements, and capabilities.

A CHASIDE Test-based Analysis for Identifying Adolescents Characteristics Impacting their Vocational Orientation: Case of private schools in the city Barranquilla, Colombia

Acuña Rodríguez, Mónica | 2024-01-15

This research is oriented to the identification of characteristics in the choice of professional careers in adolescents in eleventh grade. A total of 270 young people between the ages of 15 and 20 years old, all students at private schools in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, were surveyed. A test called CHASIDE was used, which is focused on the occupational environment. Among the results, we found career options chosen by the students, the different inclinations in the workplaces where they plan to work, competencies in adolescents regarding the choice of career, and the identification of learning channels according to areas of knowledge. In the future, we seek to analyze whether there is a relationship between learning channels, personality, and career choice, and thus develop technological tools and algorithms for career choice, in order to address career orientation as the main axis of success in higher education

Technical and market evaluation of thermal generation power plants in the Colombia power system

Silva-Ortega, Jorge | 2023-10

Thermal power plants are the widely conventional generation unit technology used to produce electricity being controllable and dispatchable. The location of thermal power plants depends on the energy availability conditions of the areas and the capacity to fuels access. Their location and geographical distribution define a high level of concentration in areas defined as thermal districts and its location define reliability, security, availability, and flexibility indices to avoid critical scenario or support system from contingencies. However, in many cases the electrical configuration does not correspond to requirements. This paper links the concentration by political distribution in Colombia and the configuration used in the generating substations to guarantee requirements. The Hirschman-Herfindahl index as a market tool is used to evaluate energy concentration facing representative participation in certain departments of Colombia. Results evidenced configurations and concentration in a study case, results and analysis could be used for planner to promote participation, reliability and promote. The paper’s contribution and conclusions are linked to guide planners towards market and technical tool to evaluate installed capacities, avoid market concentration, and reduce risky scenarios.

Internationalization of higher education institutions through marketing orientation

Moreno-Charris, Ana | 2022

This article aims to analyze higher education internationalization from the market orientation scope. To get this, a positivist, explanatory, and a field non-experimental design study was carried out. A Likert-type survey with six (6) response options was applied to the chief of internationalization offices of 26 HEIs in the Colombian Caribbean region. The results show a positive and significant incidence of Intelligence Generation, Intelligence Dissemination, Response Capacity, and Market Intelligence. It can be concluded that market orientation is an instrument that strengthens the internationalization of HEIs through the development of collaboration and cooperation networks.

El Feminismo y la participación de las mujeres en la política en Colombia”. Una Retrospectiva del Siglo XX (1949-1991).

Hernández García de Velazco, Judith Josefina | 2022-09

El feminismo en América latina devela importantes avances de alcance político, tanto en su construcción teórica, como en su dimensión problémica objetiva-subjetiva, expresando desde sus manifestaciones en la praxis social, las contraposiciones, luchas y los reconocimientos alcanzados en espacios públicos. Sin embargo, reivindicaciones estructurales continúan en agenda según; las prioridades del status quo, institucionalización del momento, y lo conveniente de la inserción femenina en posiciones de poder que no son necesariamente a favor de su inclusión sino en la vigencia de las relaciones constituidas. En Colombia desde mediados del siglo XX se han experimentado cambios sustanciales en la participación de mujeres, en acciones y contextos diversos que han coadyuvado o cooptado el movimiento. Por lo que es necesaria una mirada desde el pasado histórico y político autóctono, sin dejar de lado, una aproximación al concierto mundial en una revisión general que no desconozca coincidencias y aportes importantes. Como propósito, se revisan retrospectivamente en más de 40 años de historia las categorías analizadas de manera cualitativa, crítico-interpretativa, hermenéutica, con diseño documental y bibliográfico. Partiendo así, desde el sufragio femenino hasta la Constitución Política de 1991 y sus aplicaciones derivadas, donde se provee un contenido de protección de derechos de las mujeres para su participación política indirecta y directa, activa, dejando en evidencia el impulso del feminismo en la Colombia de la época, así como en la construcción proyectiva, igualitaria, interseccional, tanto en la asimilación de reconocimientos, como en los temas sin resolver en la agenda pública.

Percepción de los estudiantes de educación superior en chile sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa en el consumo de servicios turísticos en tiempos de COVID-19

Severino-González, Pedro | 2023

El turismo es un sector económico altamente afectado por la pandemia COVID-19, lo que ha generado desafíos y oportunidades en la implementación de estrategias de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC). En el presente artículo se busca describir la percepción de los estudiantes de nivel superior sobre la RSC como consumidores de servicios turísticos en tiempos de Covid-19 en la Región del Maule (Chile). Para la recolección de información se utiliza una encuesta con una escala tipo Likert, posteriormente se aplica un análisis factorial exploratorio y modelo Varimax para la simplificación de estos datos. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas según diagnóstico COVID y patrones de compra. Se concluye que la RSC es una estrategia clave para generar valor compartido en el sector turístico en medio de contextos cada vez más complejos.

Gestión organizacional en coordinaciones universitarias de postgrados

Ramírez Molina, Reynier Israel | 2023

La presente investigación caracteriza la gestión organizacional en las coordinaciones de postgrados de universidades del estado Zulia (Venezuela). Se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa, descriptiva, no experimental, diseño transeccional y de campo. Se emplean como unidades de observación 104 coordinadores, a los cuales se les aplica un cuestionario aprobado por diez expertos (confiabilidad de rtt = 0.857; método Alfa Cronbach). Los resultados revelan la concurrencia de los indicadores de la gestión organizacional estudiados, los cuales sugieren acciones de mejora, especialmente en contextos de crisis sociopolítica y de emergencia sanitaria. La variable de estudio, gestión organizacional, se describe cómo organizada y planificada, con debilidades en la dimensión “recursos”. Esto último afecta el alcance de las metas, aunque incide débilmente en la concreción de acciones para la optimización de una gestión administrativa. En conclusión, la gestión organizacional es afectada por factores sociales, ambientales y económicos, que inciden notoriamente en las decisiones y estilos de gerencia de los líderes.