Producción científica y académica

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Mediación pedagógica y plasticidad cerebral. Una mirada desde el Neuro-aprendizaje

Conrado Parejo, Lina | 2022-06-21

En este ensayo se presentan las mediaciones pedagógicas como parte del proceso del neuroaprendizaje en el contexto escolar; el cual hace énfasis en la figura del docente y la forma de impartir sus conocimientos; mediante los procesos psicológicos del aprendizaje. Se expone teóricamente cómo el cerebro hace parte del proceso de aprendizaje, además de la importancia de las mediaciones pedagógicas en el desarrollo de la enseñanza-aprendizaje, asimismo, los procesos que intervienen en ellos. Por lo tanto, se utiliza una metodología bajo un diseño documental, basada en la técnica de análisis lógico formal, a partir del empleo de las inferencias deductivas. En síntesis, las mediaciones pedagógicas se deben adecuar en los espacios de aprendizajes; así, permitir al estudiante, solucionar y buscar respuesta a las experiencias que se presentan a su alrededor desde una mirada crítica.

¿Logrará la inteligencia artificial remplazar la relación maestra– estudiante?

Andión Manga, Angelina | 2022-06-21

El presente ensayo argumentativo aborda un referente teórico acerca de la importancia de la relación que existe entre maestro y estudiante, y que a pesar de que la inteligencia artificial ha llegado al ámbito académico, esta no superará lo humano, es decir, la relación existente entre maestro - estudiante. Es por ello, que el presente ensayo tiene como motivación resaltar esta bonita relación que se vive diariamente en el aula de clase entre los docentes y estudiantes, y, se forja para toda la vida, siendo de ayuda para el crecimiento personal de ambos. En función de lo plantado, se presenta como objetivo principal de este ensayo evidenciar como la inteligencia artificial pude ayudar en la educación y en otro ámbito de la vida diaria, pero sin afectar o remplazar las relaciones dentro del aula de clase. Por tal motivo la metodología en este ensayo es de naturaleza documental y bibliográfico. Sus resultados refieren que la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha ayudado en gran manera al desarrollo y crecimiento de la sociedad, pero, en cuanto a educación se refiere, esta no ha podido remplazar el lazo que se tiene entre maestro y estudiante, debido a que las maquinas al ser creadas con algoritmos y programaciones no pueden expresar las emociones y relación que se logran visualizar dentro de las aulas de clases. Como conclusión se describe, a través de referentes bibliográfico como la relación maestro estudiante crece y se forma en la convivencia diaria en el aula de clases, siendo esta relación la que ayuda al maestro a educar de la mejor manera a los estudiantes, y a su vez es esa relación la que ayudará al estudiante a forjar grandes cualidades y habilidades, que le permitirán crecer como personas y ayudar en el progreso de la sociedad.

Derechos humanos e internacional humanitario

Clímaco Arquez, Yeidis | 2022-06-21

“Una importante especie biológica está en riesgo de desaparecer por la rápida y progresiva liquidación de sus condiciones naturales de vida: el hombre. Ahora tomamos conciencia de este problema cuando casi es tarde para impedirlo” Esta frase pronunciada por Fidel Castro en el año 1992 en la conferencia ONU sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, evidencia que este mismo a nivel global sufre un deterioro producto de la utilización inapropiada de los recursos naturales, ante ello resulta una verdad irrefutable mencionar que el ser humano abandona cada vez más su capacidad de raciocinio al intentar materializar sus actividades evolutivas sin atender la preservación debida.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of suspended solids transport in a secondary facultative lagoon used for wastewater treatment

Zapata Rivera, Andrés Mauricio | 2021-08-27

The facultative lagoon hydrodynamics has been evaluated using computational fluid dynamics tools, however, little progress has been made in describing the transport of suspended solids within these systems, and their effects on fluid hydrodynamics. Traditionally, CFD models have been built using pure water. In this sense, the novelty in this study was to evaluate the influence of suspended solids transport on the hydrodynamics of an facultative lagoon. Two three-dimensional CFD models were developed, a single-phase model (pure water) and a two-phase model (water and suspended solids), for a conventional FL in Ginebra, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Model results were compared with experimental tracer studies, displaying different tracer dispersion characteristics. Differences in the fluid velocity field were identified when suspended solids were added to the simulation. The fluid velocities in the single-phase model were greater than the fluid velocities obtained in the two-phase model, (0.127 m·s−1 and 0.115 m·s−1, respectively). Additionally, the dispersion number of each model showed that the single-phase model (0.478) exhibited a better behavior of complete mixing reactor than the two-phase model (0.403). These results can be attributed to the effect of the drag and slip forces of the solids on the velocity of the fluid. In conclusion, the fluid of FL in these models is better represented as a two-phase fluid in which the particle–fluid interactions are represented by drag and slip forces.

Intelligent deep learning-enabled autonomous small ship detection and classification model

Escorcia-Gutierrez, Jose | 2022

Autonomous ship technologies have gained considerable interest due to the minimization of the challenging issues faced by the unpredictable errors of manual navigation, and therefore reduces human labor, increasing navigation security and profit margin. On autonomous shipping technologies, small ship detection is vital in ensuring shipping safety. With this motivation, this paper presents an efficient optimal mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask-CNN) technique for small ship detection (OMRCNN-SHD) on autonomous shipping technologies. Primarily, the data augmentation process is performed to resolve the issue of the limited number of real-world samples of small ships and helps to detect small ships in most cases accurately. Besides, the Mask RCNN with SqueezeNet model is used to detect ships and the hyperparameter tuning of the SqueezeNet model takes place by the use of the Adagrad optimizer. Furthermore, the Colliding Body's Optimization (CBO) algorithm with the weighted regularized extreme learning machine (WRELM) technique is employed to classify detected ships effectively. The comparative results analysis demonstrates the betterment of the OMRCNN-SHD technique over the current methods with the maximum accuracy of 98.63%.

Dietary patterns of adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra | 2022-05-15

This study aimed to analyze the dietary patterns of adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. To achieve the research´s aim 127 adolescent students, 60 men (18.88±4.18 years) and 67 women (17.61±7.43 years) completed an online questionnaire that analyzed variables regarding their nutritional profile. Adolescent students presented a dietary pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown characterized by different associations of food consumption, On one hand, the consumption of healthier foods such as meat, fish, vegetables, legumes, rice, or pasta, and on the other hand non-healthier foods as food, alcohol, or pastries. Further investigations are needed to implement multidisciplinary interventions to develop healthier habits in schools and to encourage the adoption of healthy diets among adolescents.

Effectiveness of interventions based on pain neuroscience education on pain and psychosocial variables for osteoarthritis: a systematic review

Ordoñez Mora, Leidy Tatiana | 2022-02-23

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint condition. It affects more than 300 million people worldwide, who suffer from pain and physical disability. Objective: To determine the results of cognitive educational interventions for pain management and psychosocial variables in adults with OA. Method: A systematic review was conducted based on searches in MEDLINE, OVID, LILACS, Scopus, PEDro, OTseeker, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. The search strategy included the main terms neuroscience education and osteoarthritis, without any re-strictions with regard to dates or study type (PROSPERO register CRD42021222763). Results: We included four articles that implemented the intervention in 1–6 sessions, addressing concepts related to goal orientation and providing strategies for understanding pain. The results suggest that there is an improvement between the groups (PNE) when compared, but this cannot necessarily be attributed to pain neuroscience education (PNE), as small effect sizes for variables such as pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia were observed. The response in the modulation of acute pain following the surgical procedure may produce a variation in the responses and this may be mediated by medications. Conclusion: The study revealed an improvement in favor of the groups managed with PNE, although more studies documenting the topic are warranted.

Dietary patterns of adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

Alexandra, Martín-Rodríguez | 2022-05-15

This study aimed to analyze the dietary patterns of adolescent students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. To achieve the research´s aim 127 adolescent students, 60 men (18.88±4.18 years) and 67 women (17.61±7.43 years) completed an online questionnaire that analyzed variables regarding their nutritional profile. Adolescent students presented a dietary pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown characterized by different associations of food consumption, On one hand, the consumption of healthier foods such as meat, fish, vegetables, legumes, rice, or pasta, and on the other hand non-healthier foods as food, alcohol, or pastries. Further investigations are needed to implement multidisciplinary interventions to develop healthier habits in schools and to encourage the adoption of healthy diets among adolescents.

Frequency response analysis under faults in weak power systems

Godoy Enciso, Richard Marino | 2021-11-10

The renewable energy sources (RESs) projects are solutions with environmental benefits that are changing the traditional power system operation and concept. Transient stability analysis has opened new research trends to guarantee a secure operation high penetration. Problems such as frequency fluctuations, decoupling between generator angular speed, network frequency fluctuation and kinetic energy storing absence are the main non-conventional RESs penetration in power systems. This paper analyzes short-circuit influence on frequency response, focusing on weak distribution networks and isolated, to demonstrate relevance in frequency stability. A study case considered a generation outage and a load input to analyze frequency response. The paper compares frequency response during a generation outage with a short-circuit occurrence. In addition, modular value and angle generator terminal voltage affectation by electric arc and network ratio R⁄X, failure type influence in power delivered behavior, considering fault location, arc resistance and load. The arc resistance is defined as an added resistance that appears during failure and influences voltage modulus and angle value results showing that intermittent non-conventional RES participation can lead to frequency fluctuations. Results showed that arc resistance, type of failure, location and loadability determine the influence of frequency response factors in weak power systems.

Actinic keratosis in Colombia: first approaches

Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Actinic keratoses (AK) are preneoplastic lesions secondary to chronic sun exposure, whose risk of becoming malignancy is greater than 20%. Prevalence studies of AK are uncommon. Here we describe clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with AK assessed in a dermatology center from Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive retrospective study was performed. Data were collected from January 2014 to July 2020. These included age at diagnosis, sex, occupation according sun exposure (inside-job, outside-job and inside/outside-job), dwelling place, Fitzpatrick phototype, anatomical location, progression time, skin cancer (SC) history and development. We used relative and absolute frequencies to describe patients. Data analysis was performed in Epi Info. Results: Of 820 patients, 61% were women. Mean age was 66 years (SD ± 12). Of all patients, 5.4 out of 10 were phototype III. The median progression time was 34 months. The 57% (n = 468) of patients had inside-jobs. The face was the most commonly affected area in 750 patients (91%). History of SC was observed in 27% of patients, and 2.56% (n = 21) developed SC, from which five cases were squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Actinic keratosis may evolve into SC in a considerable percentage conversely to our study. We found that most of the patients with AK had an inside-job, which might reinforce the impact of genetic load, artificial lights exposure and the effect of protection barriers on AK development. Further studies are needed to improve clinical characteristics knowledge associated with AK.

Exacerbation and appearance of dermatosis during COVID-19 quarantine period in Bogotá, Colombia: a descriptive study of the psychological impairments

Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Quarantine established in several countries by the new coronavirus pandemic, dramatically changed our lifestyle, affecting quality of life, skin, and psyche. We described the skin diseases that initiated or were exacerbated in quarantine and assessed the impact on quality of life and the possible presence of anxiety. Materials and methods: We performed a descriptive study from April 2020 to August 2020, assessing two questionnaires: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) in a dermatologic center. Variables analyzed were age, sex, onset or exacerbation of skin disease, DLQI and HADS-A scores. We used relative and absolute frequencies to describe patients. We collected data using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with SPSS. Results: Of 124 patients, 85 (69%) were women. Acne was the most frequent dermatosis with 18,5% (n = 23), followed by contact dermatitis with 22 patients (17,7%). HADS-A results showed that 24.2% of patients had psychological distress. DLQI most frequent results had a small effect in life (29.8%; n = 37). Patients with psoriasis and eczematous diseases showed a major impact on their quality of life. Conclusions: Quarantine has been related to exacerbation of pre-existent dermatologic conditions and the onset of skin affections. Lifestyle changes influenced the occurrence of acne and contact dermatitis. DLQI and HADS results did not show an important impact in patients’ quality of life. Further epidemiologic studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between quarantine and these dermatologic conditions.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a single center analysis

Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated skin affection. Previous studies suggest that psychiatric conditions are more frequent in patients with HS than in other dermotologic diseases. In Colombia, we found no descriptive studies of its comorbidities. We described the HRQoL in patients with HS and its relationship with some comorbidities. Materials and Methods: We performed a descriptive and retrospective study in patients with HS in a dermotologic center in Bogotá, DC. We analyzed 24 patients attended from January 2017 to August 2020, assessing variables as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) were applied in 19 patients. Univariate analysis and nonparametric statistics were performed. Data was collected and analyzed in Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS26. Results: Of 24 patients, 18 were women (75%). The median age was 30 years old (IQR 21). The most frequently found comorbidities were acne and cardiovascular disease, 35.5% and 20.8%, respectively. DLQI’s most frequent result was a very large effect in 26.3% (n = 5). HADS-A showed anxiety in 6 cases (31.6%). HAD-D showed depression in 2 patients (10.5%). Conclusion: We found a greater association with acne and cardiovascular disease, which suggests a systemic and inflammatory involvement of the disease. Our findings related to HADS-A and DLQI reveal a great impact on the HRQoL and existence of anxiety symptoms, reinforcing the importance of multidisciplinary management. Further, larger studies are needed to validate these findings.

Cryotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment with vismodegib for local advanced nonsurgical basal cell carcinoma: a report of 8 cases

Castillo Molina, David | 2021-09-01

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin cancer worldwide. The most frequently used treatment for BCC is surgical resection. Lately, there are other options for nonsurgical BCC such as hedgehog pathways inhibitors, which is indicated in patients whose cancer is locally advanced and unresectable. We described the response of patients treated with vismodegib and cryotherapy as adjuvant management. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in a dermatologic center in Bogota, Colombia. We included patients with BCC diagnosis and were treated with vismodegib and cryotherapy from January 2018 to August 2020. Variables included age, sex, phototype, lesion location, treatment duration, number of cryotherapies, months of follow-up, and histologic subtypes. Variables were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: Of eight patients reviewed, four were female. Median age was 70 years old. Photoype III was the most frequent. Zone H was the most affected location. The mean number of cryotherapy sessions received during vismodegib treatment was 4.75, and the mean duration of treatment with the hedgehog inhibitor was 3.5 months. Patients were followed up for 15.57 months. Of the eight patients, four presented nodular pattern histology, in the rest the mixed subtype predominated. Conclusion: In general, there was a good response to treatment with a notable decrease in the size and control of the lesions. No side effects were described during the follow-up time; however, the patients will continue to be under strict controls.

No violencia, perdón y reconciliación

Montero Campo, Daniela Isabel | 2022

La noviolencia, el perdón y reconciliación son elementos cruciales para la sana convivencia y desarrollo de las sociedades actuales que atraviesan por flagelos de violencia incesante. Estos tres componentes guiadores a la paz y la armonía comunitaria. La cartilla noviolencia, perdón y reconciliación se construyó con poblaciones de víctimas, líderes sociales y académicos focalizados en las áreas abordadas en el barrio Las Gardenias. Dentro de este espacio se expresaron sus ideas, sentimientos y posturas desde su experiencia individual, permitiendo contemplar así la visión del afectado y de los que luchan por eliminar o apaciguar sus consecuencias

Diabetes tracking panel: an on-line information system to registration and management

Salcedo, Dixon | 2022

Online hospital information systems enable health care providers to ensure information. Although nowadays there are great technological advances; in Colombia, the impact on the health sector has been low. As a result, there is an increasing deficiency in cities with less access to new technologies. Therefore, it is necessary for the government and health care providers to join efforts to expand the use of information technologies in the health area to improve the overall quality of the service provided. Therefore, this project introduces diabetes tracking panel tests system to improve the management process. The development system is based on several Open-Source platforms, such as MySQL, among others. Finally, we found that implemented system can reduce the time management of diabetes tests by the staff medical and assistance care personal.

Reflexiones sobre el recorrido histórico de los movimientos estudiantiles, las teorías marxistas y las universidades públicas de Colombia

Martínez Durango, Lina Marcela | 2022

Este artículo analiza cómo desde las universidades públicas de Colombia se formularon teorías alrededor de Marx y el marxismo en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Esos "debates" fueron abiertos a consultas, con la publicación de varios textos que estudiaron como un cúmulo de teorías originadas en el siglo XIX servirían para estudiar prácticas como la economía socialista planificada por el Estado, la crítica al eurocentrismo, y los proyectos de transformación política, en sociedades del siglo XX.

Identidad y protección en derecho ambiental de los indígenas Mokaná en Malambo, Atlántico

Martínez Durango, Lina Marcela | 2022

Este artículo estudia a la comunidad indígena Mokaná en la protección del medioambiente y de su entorno social en el departamento del Atlántico; lo que permite entender el papel de las comunidades indígenas como defensoras de la vida. Tiene como objetivo evaluar la evolución jurisprudencial y legal del derecho en la protección del medio ambiente; y como una comunidad indígena encontró en la contaminación y la destrucción una problemática para la conservación de sus espacios y territorios sagrados. El diseño metodológico hace una revisión conceptual, histórica y jurídica sobre la protección de los derechos de una comunidad indígena en la región Caribe colombiana. Dentro de los resultados parciales se encuentra como la contaminación de los suelos y canales de agua deterioran la calidad de vida, y afectan de forma directa la subsistencia de las minorías étnicas, como los Mokaná, que ven en actividades como la pesca y la agricultura unas formas de subsistencia. Otro aporte se encuentra en la identificación de los mecanismos de participación administrativa que controlan la contaminación ambiental en ese municipio, buscando conocer la efectividad de los mecanismos y el impacto la forma de vida Mokaná.

Physical activity and COVID-19. The basis for an efficient intervention in times of COVID-19 pandemic

Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier | 2021-11-29

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shocked world health authorities generating a global health crisis. The present study aimed to analyze the different factors associated with physical activity that could have an impact in the COVID-19, providing a practical recommendation based on actual scientific knowledge. We conducted a consensus critical review using primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature regarding physical activity and physical activity related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main online database used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. COVID-19 has negatively influenced motor behavior, levels of regular exercise practice, eating and nutritional patterns, and the psychological status of citizens. These factors feed into each other, worsening COVID-19 symptoms, the risk of death from SARS-CoV-2, and the symptoms and effectiveness of the vaccine. The characteristics and symptoms related with the actual COVID-19 pandemic made the physical activity interventions a valuable prevention and treatment factor. Physical activity improves body composition, the cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and mental health of patients and enhancing antibody responses in vaccination. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

New insights into glyphosate adsorption on modified carbon nanotubes via green synthesis: statistical physical modeling and steric and energetic interpretations

Diel, Júlia | 2021-12-08

The present work used a statistical physics approach to present new insights into the adsorption of the pesticide glyphosate on modified carbon nanotubes via green synthesis (MWCNT/MPNs-Fe). The experimental equilibrium curves obtained for this system under pH 4 at temperatures 298, 308, 318, and 328 K were simulated from monolayer, double layer, and multilayer models, with 1 and 2 energies, considering real and ideal fluid approaches. Taking into account the statistical indicators and the physical meaning of the parameters, exploring simplifying hypotheses, the Hill model with 1 energy and ideal fluid approach (M1) presented the best prediction of the experimental data, indicating that glyphosate adsorption occurs by the formation of a monolayer and that pesticide interaction with MWCNT/MPNs-Fe are characterized by only one energy. Based on this approach, to assess the steric aspects of the system, the number of molecules adsorbed per site (n), the density of receptor sites (Nm), adsorption capacity at saturation (Qsat), and concentration at half-saturation (W) were interpreted. As for the energetic aspects, the adsorption energy (ΔE) was inferred. The combination of parameters to its evolution with temperature and the magnitude of ΔE indicated an exothermic process involving a physical interaction mechanism. Finally, the new insights showed that the MWCNT/MPNs-Fe adsorbent favored pesticide adsorption by interacting glyphosate molecules with the metallic iron nanoparticles present on the adsorbent surface. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Computational fluid dynamicsmodeling of microchannels cooling for electronic microdevices

Fábregas, Jonathan | 2022-01-04

A simulation of the cooling of electronic devices was carried out by means of microchannels, using water as a coolant to dissipate the heat generated from a computer processor, and thus stabilize its optimum operating temperature. For the development of this study, computational fluid mechanics modeling was established in order to determine the temperature profiles, pressure profiles, and velocity behavior of the working fluid in the microchannel. In the results of the study, the operating temperatures of the computer processor were obtained, in the ranges of 303 K to 307 K, with fluid velocities in the microchannels of 5 m/s, apressure drop of 633.7 kPa, and a factor of safety of the design of the microchannel of 15. From the results, the improvement of the heat transfer in a cooling system of electronic deviceswas evidenced when using a coolant as a working fluid compared to the cooling by forced air flow traditional