Producción científica y académica

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Comparación de la respuesta estructural de un puente viga cajón de voladizos sucesivos durante construcción y en servicio en tres escenarios de humedad relativa de Colombia

Santos Duran, Cesar Mauricio | 2022

Introducción— La construcción de los puentes viga cajón se ha incrementado en años recientes en Colombia. Algunos estudios previos para estos puentes han mostrado que la omisión en el análisis estructural del proceso constructivo, las propiedades reológicas de los materiales y las condiciones medioambientales pueden generar efectos significativos en los resultados. Debido a la variedad climática en los diferentes territorios de Colombia, resulta interesante determinar el efecto de estas condiciones en la respuesta estructural del puente. Objetivo— En específico, se busca determinar la variación en la respuesta estructural de los principales elementos de un puente viga cajón postensado, durante construcción y en servicio, debido a los cambios en la humedad relativa del ambiente. Metodología— Se desarrolló un modelo computacional de un puente representativo de Colombia usando el software Midas Civil. El modelo incluye los efectos dependientes del tiempo en los materiales.Se emplearon tres valores diferentes de humedad relativa (extremo alto, valor mediana y extremo bajo) en los análisis. Resultados— Se determinó la variación en el momento flector, cortante, carga axial y deflexiones verticales de la viga del puente y en el momento flector de la pila, al modificar el escenario de la humedad relativa. Conclusiones— Se evidencia variación despreciable en la respuesta del puente durante el proceso constructivo. Por el contrario, en el estado de servicio ocurrieron cambios significativos en algunos valores de los elementos estructurales, en especial en la viga, debido al cambio en la humedad relativa.

Symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi with Rubus spp., in four farms of the municipality of Pamplona, Norte de Santander

RODRIGUEZ RINCON, FRANCISCO | 2022

Introduction— The blackberry crop is part of the prioritized productive chains in Norte of Santander, however, there are no research results on the benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the level of natural colonization of these with Rubus sp. Objective— To determine the levels of colonization and mycorrhization of AMF in commercial varieties of blackberry and wild species of Rubus sp. in areas of the municipality of Pamplona Norte de Santander Methodology— This work was carried out in the Sabaneta Baja, Sabaneta Alta and San Francisco veredas of the municipality of Pamplona, sampling four farms. Root samples were collected from commercial blackberry crops and neighboring wild species to evaluate the percentage of colonization and mycorrhization by AMF. ANOVAS were carried out using the SPSS statistical package. Results— High levels of AMF symbiosis were found in the three commercial varieties of blackberry (colonization between 92% to 98%) and in the three species of Rubus sp. (colonization between 71% to 84%), as well as the presence of mycorrhizal structures of AMF in blackberry varieties and native species. Conclusions— The biological variables of the AMF did not vary statistically between the commercial varieties, or wild species, but did between the different farms and in the variety × farm interaction for the commercial varieties. The biological variables of the AMF in the commercial varieties differed from the wild species located on the same farm.

Forecasting of yields in Jarillo peach crops at the Province of Pamplona using random variables

Parra Ortega, Carlos Arturo | 2022

Introducción— Como resultado de un proyecto de investigación, en este artículo se muestra el pronóstico de rendimiento de cultivo de durazno variedad jarillo. Para ello se diseñó un modelo para simular la producción de frutos de durazno generando variables aleatorias de cantidad de frutos y peso total, a partir de distribuciones de probabilidad deducidas a partir de muestras de cultivos. Objetivo— Pronosticar el rendimiento de un cultivo de durazno, mediante la simulación de variables que siguen una distribución de probabilidad asociadas al mismo, obteniendo un comportamiento estadístico similar a un escenario de producción real. Metodología—Se hizo revisión bibliográfica de estudios sobre pronóstico de producción en otras especies vegetales. También se tomaron muestras de producción en haciendas de diversos pisos térmicos y se hizo un análisis de regresión lineal a intervalo fijo (stepwise) teniendo como variable dependiente el rendimiento y como variable independiente las dimensiones físicas de la rama. Además, se tomaron datos sobre la distribución de probabilidad de producción y con base en ella se diseñó e implementó un software simulador, con el cual se hicieron diversas simulaciones de escenarios de producción. Resultados— Se obtuvieron modelos con menor número de variables resultantes de aplicar el procedimiento “stepwise” para pronosticar el número de frutos y rendimiento. Al caracterizar variables de entrada, se pasó a construir el modelo matemático con entradas aleatorias para pronosticar el rendimiento, tales como el área del cultivo, sistema de siembra, densidad de siembra, edad del cultivo y longitud de rama, área foliar, diámetros del fruto entre otras variables. Conclusiones— Se logró demostrar que es factible pronosticar la el rendimiento de cultivo de duraznos en varios supuestos, a partir de muestras observadas en escenarios de producción real. Se logró implementar un modelo de pronóstico basado en variables aleatorias, cuya variabilidad con respecto a datos reales es significativamente pequeña.

Soil salinization in agricultural areas of the Caribbean region and agroecological recovery strategies. Review

González Pedraza, Ana Francisca | 2022

Introduction— In Colombia, 45% of the continental and insular surface presents some degree of susceptibility or propensity to soil degradation due to salinization. The high concentration of salts negatively affects the biologicals of the soil, causing a decrease in crop productivity. Objective— The bibliographic information available on the factors associated with the salinization of soils in agricultural areas of the Caribbean region and different strategies for the recovery of saline soils was reviewed. Method— A literature review was carried out in which the biophysical and anthropic factors of the salinization of soils and the associated consequences are documented. Additionally, a review was made of international and national scientific articles that address different strategies for the recovery of saline soils in which it was analyzed which ones have been more successful from the environmental point of view. Results— The salinity of the soils was related to the climatic conditions, irrigation with poor quality water, chemical fertilization, the scarce use of vegetal covers and the low contents of organic matter in the soils. Soil washing is a viable alternative if good quality water is available. The most feasible alternative was the use of organic fertilizers Conclusions— The salinity of the soils was related to the use of irrigation water with high saline content, little plant cover, low content of organic matter in the soil and the use of fertilizers. The most viable recovery strategy is the application of organic fertilizers and amendments.

Possibilities of the alternative management of mollusk pests in agricultural crops. A review

Quintero Santos, Cristian David | 2022

Introduction— Mollusks are important pests of agricultural crops, for which chemical molluscicides are used in many cases that pollute the environment and crops. Objective— To assess updated information on alternatives for the management of species of mollusk pests in agricultural crops in Colombia and in the world. Methodology— A descriptive documentary research was carried out where the units of analysis were the articles collected in a bibliographic search on information related to the pest mollusk species and alternative control methods during the period 2010 to 2021. Results— From the last decade articles were obtained on alternatives for the control of mollusk pests in all continents. From Colombia only 7 articles, of which 3 correspond to the use of diatomaceous earth, 3 to vegetable extracts and 1 to agroecological management, while, at the international level of the 54 articles located, 21 were related to vegetable extracts, 17 biological control, 6 with essential oils, 5 with barriers, 3 with agroecological management and 2 with biopesticides. Conclusions— Alternatives with the use of plant extracts predominated, followed by biological means such as insects, nematodes, microorganisms and others, natural products such as lime and diatomaceous earth, as well as different materials such as repellents or barriers, depending the type of recommended alternative, on the mollusk species and its size, the phytogenetic resources present and the reported bioregulators, which should be taken into account in Colombia.

Environmental indemnity: seeking effective mechanisms for ensuring the participation of law enforcement agencies

Kanatovich Alibayev, Askar | 2022

Currently, there is an increase in the number of environmental violations and the environmental damage they cause. The article presents the results of the study of the legal framework and the practice of law enforcement to determine environmental damage, its scope, and possible compensation. The objective is to define the powers, functions, and roles of the agencies responsible for enforcing the law to guarantee environmental compensation. It is studied from the bibliographical, analytical, and critical review of the legal regulation, the practice of applying the law, and the scientific opinions on the compensation for damage to the environment. It is concluded that adequate environmental compensation depends directly on the activities of law enforcement agencies to identify and suppress environmental crimes and carry out administrative or criminal proceedings against offenders. The particularities of filing a civil lawsuit as a tool to repair the damage caused by an environmental crime are considered, focused on organizational and legal issues that negatively affect the effectiveness of environmental rights protection, as mentioned above, including the environmental incompetence of those who investigate crimes in that sphere and the shortcomings of judicial practice in determining the environmental damage. The main mechanisms to ensure the participation of law enforcement agencies in the calculation of environmental compensation, which has been developed in world practice, are presented. The authors made proposals for improving the existing organizational and legal framework and leveling the shortcomings of law enforcement practice.

The impact of sustainable development and social responsibility on quality education

Chumaceiro Hernández, Ana Cecilia | 2022

In recent years the educational system has opted to implement sustainable strategies that allow access, coverage,relevance, and quality of education. The University does not escape these realities combined and the need to generate areal impact on all its stakeholders. Thus, the challenge of training competent individuals to face the future is increasinglyrelevant. This research aims to reflect theoretically on the impact that Sustainable Development and Social Responsibilityeffectively have on quality university education. For which relevant theoretical elements have developed that support in thefirst instance the origins of sustainable development and social responsibility and the fundamental elements of each one ofthem and, in the second instance, it explains how these binomial favors quality, sustainable and relevant education. Themethod is served from the qualitative paradigm, documentary observation, and content analysis. Among the findings, it isfound that education influences people and nations, which is why Universities must take on the challenge of responsible teaching. It is concluded that today higher education institutions are called to the teaching of excellence. In particular, training future specialists in the tourism and hospitality industry requires the approach when it is not enough to carry out substantive functions of the University: teaching, research, extension, and social projection, but they must be articulated with each other,to contextualize the student of the problems of the environment, sustainable development of the territory and how they can be solved

Society of Knowledge and ICT skills in Universities

Chumaceiro Hernández, Ana Cecilia | 2022

Today's new realities and social demands involve a technological apparatus that societies that seek to generate sustainable development through the generation and dissemination of knowledge cannot be ignored. This research addresses identifying key areas to be developed to promote a timely knowledge society for the digital age. Hermeneutics and documentary content analysis facilitated the method, concluding that generating more extraordinary digital skills in those responsible for transmitting knowledge is essential to achieving durability and efficient transmission of information.

University social responsibility for the generation of ICT skills

Chumaceiro Hernández, Ana Cecilia | 2022

In understanding the adaptation to emerging social needs, higher education institutions must make more flexible and develop an integration of information and communication technologies in training processes. The inclusion of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in higher education institutions transforms the teacher's education and demand, their skills, and the orientation of their pedagogical practice of new knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Methodologically, documents and specialized bibliography are reviewed to assume the reflection and put forward arguments that describe some approaches for the innovation of educational practice and the transformation of the profile of the university professor in order to respond to the demands of today's society. It is concluded that it is necessary to apply a new conception of student-users, role changes in teachers, and administrative changes concerning communication systems, design, and distribution of teaching. All this implies, in turn, changes in the canons of teaching-learning towards a more flexible and technological model.

Strategies for the adoption of innovation processes in agricultural productive units of the department of La Guajira – Colombia: literary review and systemic approach

Ramírez Molina, Reynier Israel | 2023

From the appearance of man to the present, food production has been a critical issue in ensuringthe survival of the human species. Over the centuries, agricultural production has evolved with the domestication of plant and animal species and the emergenceof technologies and techniques in production processes, affecting population growthand cities. The research seeks to describe the strategies for adopting innovation processes in the Department of La Guajira -Colombia agricultural production units.The results show that, in the last four decades, innovation strategies have begun to be discussed as a term that has evolved, going from incorporating new technologies to including elements related to efficiency, economic sustainability, sustainability, redesign of organizational structures, and the implementation of best practices that result in quality, quantity, safety and hygiene of agricultural activities. It is concluded that the studies on innovation strategies in agricultural productive units can be about phenomena that promote agricultural innovation, agricultural production models,and improvements in agricultural production processes, of which there is evidence of application in the Department of La Guajira

Overview of mobile communications in Colombia and introduction to 5G

Barrios-Ulloa, Alexis | 2023

The deployment of 5G around the world continues to progress at a rapid pace, especially in North America and Asia. Its advantages and efficiency as a data transmission network have been widely demonstrated in different fields such as agriculture, education, health, and surveillance. However, this process does not have the same dynamics in Latin America, specifically in Colombia. The country is currently implementing actions aimed at facilitating the deployment of this technology in the short term, including pilot tests for the use of the radio spectrum, spectrum auctions, the planning of future auctions, and the review of spectrum caps. The results of this review allow us to conclude that despite the forecasts and the intentions of the Colombian government and mobile communication service operators, 5G in standalone mode will not be commercially available in Colombia before the end of 2023. The main failures in its deployment are related to the lack of available spectrum to support the ultrahigh-reliability and low-latency, enhanced mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communications scenarios, as well as the delay in the auction processes for its assignment.

Investigación desde el aula: semilleros de investigación en la educación media colombiana

Navarro De Arco, Margarita | 2022

En este documento se presenta el modelo de investigación educativa desde el aula implementado en el Colegio Gimnasio Campestre El Rodadero, en la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. Este modelo consistió en la creación de un semillero de investigación integrando a estudiantes de educación media, con el objetivo de generar espacios académicos que permitieran desarrollar las competencias investigativas desde el área de humanidades, de acuerdo con los lineamientos que el Ministerio de Educación nacional propone. Para ello se implementó la teoría antropológica de lo didáctico, entendiendo a la educación como un proceso social de transmisión cultural. Metodológicamente se aplicó la etnografía escolar y la investigación acción. Los resultados, para este caso, muestran que la creación de semilleros fortalece las competencias investigativas en los estudiantes a través del trabajo colectivo, incentivándolos a interesarse por la ciencia y la investigación, en contraste a las metodologías formalistas y unilineales utilizadas tradicionalmente.

Muros que hablan: la interculturalidad de una ciudad del caribe colombiano en el Muralismo y el Street art

CARO PÉREZ, OLGA | 2022

El presente artículo pretende la construcción de imaginarios sociales en la Región Caribe de Colombia, representados en el Muralismo y el Street art, tomando como caso central a la ciudad de Barranquilla. Además, se exploran las transformaciones que han generado este tipo de movimientos en la reconfiguración del espacio urbano y tejido social, al ser utilizado como un instrumento de comunicación intercultural que busca sentar una crítica e impactar al transeúnte del común. Para ello, se realizó desde una metodología cualitativa la revisión teórica que va desde la relación entre comunicación y arte, procesos interculturales, imaginarios sociales, hasta la revisión del estado del arte de estas expresiones. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas con algunos de sus representantes, quienes manifiestan cómo a través del arte han sido participes de la construcción de nuevos relatos; asimismo, mencionan algunas de las temáticas que más los inspiran, la intencionalidad que buscan lograr por medio de sus obras, y también cómo ha sido la experiencia al realizar intervenciones de manera independiente o con financiamiento económico, sentando las bases de una discusión centrada en cómo el apoyo de entidades públicas y privadas puede limitar los discursos de dichos relatos.

Las consecuencias de la violencia filio-paternal reflejadas en una historia de vida

TRUJILLO VARGAS, JOSÉ JESÚS | 2016

Los cambios existentes en la familia, unidos a un proceso de transformación social, han posibilitado que exista un fenómeno relativamente poco conocido como es el de la violencia ascendente, que se erige como una de las modalidades de violencia que más se vienen dando en dicho ámbito. En base al estudio de este fenómeno, en esta investigación hemos utilizado la técnica cualitativa de la historia de vida, apoyándonos en un diario de campo donde hemos tomado notas sobre nuestro quehacer diario a nivel terapéutico, en aras de mitigar los efectos de dicho proceso. En esta investigación se establecieron los siguientes objetivos: establecer la conexión que existe entre estilo educativo familiar y el uso de la violencia por parte del menor y evaluar en qué medida la terapia familiar mitiga el uso de la violencia por parte del menor. El modelo educativo familiar, junto a otras dimensiones1, determina que las situaciones de violencia se den de manera reiterada entre padres e hijos, existiendo refuerzos negativos continuos de ambas partes para mantener un ciclo recurrente de conductas, del que difícilmente se puede «salir» si no es a través de un proceso de terapia psicológica continuado.

Evolution, challenges, and perspective in the implementation of projects with renewable energy sources: Colombia case

Moreno Rocha, Christian Manuel | 2022

This work quantifies the evolution in the implementation and development of renewable energies in Colombia, as well as evidence the current challenges and development prospects. The high demand for electricity in Colombia is increasing due to the great increase in population, industry and commerce, which generates greater energy consumption and as a consequence economic, social and environmental problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the energy projects submitted to the Mining Energy Planning Group (UPME) during the last 15 years until July 2022, as well as to study the research areas with the highest performance. technology and the corresponding radiation intensity. In addition, it shows an historic information about the projects presented both not in force as of the date of closing of this investigation, classified according to their source, according to their range of power and according to its stage of implementation, finally, we made a synthesis of the new regulations governing the motivation and implementation of projects with renewable energy sources, being as this work a very good source of reference for further studies of the implementation of renewable energy sources in Colombia.

Design of strategies for an efficient and applicative transition from the linear economy to the circular economy, Colombia case

Moreno Rocha, Christian Manuel | 2022

The process of transition from linear economy to the circular economy has shown progress in other countries thanks to the strategies implemented, by analyzing these from the perspective of some authors, it was possible to identify which ones can be replicated in the country. The approach of this article is qualitative of a proactive documentary type with an inductive method, the sources were secondary, from databases such as Dialnet, Scielo, Academic Google, repository of universities, books, foundation reports and DANE reports, also information was obtained from a primary source through a dialogue whit recyclers and owners of warehouses in the village of La Playa and Barranquilla. Through the sources, essential strategies for sustainable development in Colombia were analyzed, such as: pedagogical strategies focused on changing the behavior of the various sectors of the community through educational campaigns, technological innovation strategies that allow the development of consumer goods that generate the least environmental impact, and social strategies. It was concluded that eco-design, the implementation of innovative technology and access to loans for circular activities are essential for the development of the model, in addition, successful experiences of developed countries in term of C.E can be replicated since they offer the opportunity to improved through pedagogical technological and social strategies.

Electric power losses in distribution networks

Díaz, Sergio | 2021

According to international organizations such as the Energy Information Agency (EIA) and the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB), reducing electricity losses can contribute to achieving the objective of universal access to modern energy sources. The reduction in the levels of losses would also imply a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, as well as a reduction in electricity tariffs for the final consumer. This research seeks to analyze the levels of electrical energy losses in distribution networks in order to propose possible solutions that allow the electrical power system to provide stability in the equipment that is part of the network, leading to a cost analysis in the future within the planning of the country's electrical network.

Challenges and perspectives of the use of photovoltaic solar energy in Colombia

Moreno Rocha, Christian Manuel | 2022-10

This article quantifies the development of photovoltaic solar energy in Colombia and its current development prospects. The high demand for electricity in Colombia is increasing since there is a large population, industrial, and business increase, which brings a higher energy consumption and consequently economic, social, and environmental problems. Faced with this situation, a possible solution is proposed, using solar energy, to supply the increase in demand and mitigate the problems caused by current electricity generation because Colombia has high levels of solar radiation in almost the entire territory. The objective of this research is based on the analysis of the behavior of the projects on photovoltaic solar systems presented to the mining-energy planning unit (UPME) in the last 14 years until September 30, 2020, as well such as the study of the areas with the most effective implementation of this technology and their respective radiation indices. In addition, a synthesis is made of the regulations, laws, and tax incentives that exist for the implementation of this technology and the different stages of execution of the projects approved and in performance.

Evaluation of energy alternatives through FAHP for the energization of colombian insular areas

Moreno Rocha, Christian Manuel | 2022

In this study, the methodology of the Analytical Hierarchy Process with fuzzy logic (FAHP) is implemented to provide decision criteria in the selection, planning and development of electric power generation projects from renewable energy sources in the insular regions of Colombia. In this study, six renewable energy sources were considered, biomass combustion, anaerobic digestion of biomass, biogas landfills, waste incineration, photovoltaic energy and hydrogen-generated energy, due to their energy potential in insular areas and not interconnected with the national electricity system. To determine the order of priority in the development of energy conversion technologies, a questionnaire was drawn up and sent to a group of experts. Given the need to generate electricity in a sustainable way, the information was analyzed under four main criteria: technical, environmental, social and economic. Sixteen additional subcriteria were selected based on a literature review. In general, the economic criterion is the most relevant in the area due to the high investment and operating costs of electricity generation. The social criterion highlights the opportunity to create new jobs very important for the study area, while the environmental criterion highlights the component of renewable energy substitution and environmental care, a key aspect in the diversification of the energy matrix, which is part of the country's political agenda. Regarding the technological component, self-consumption photovoltaic energy seems the most favorable due to its low environmental impact and the considerable price reduction experienced by the solar panel market in recent years.

Decision-making support framework for electricity supply in non-interconnected rural areas based on FAHP

Moreno, Christian | 2022

The implementation of electrification programs in non-interconnected rural areas in Colombia is a challenge for the country in order to reduce the social gap in these regions. This task is responsibility of the Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), which has as challenges the implementation of renewable energy projects that allow diversifying the national energy matrix. For this reason, this paper proposes a support framework for multicriteria decision-making in the electricity supply of non-interconnected rural areas for the Colombian Caribbean Region. The multicriteria method of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) was used, which allows the incorporation of a fuzzy triangular scale to improve the imprecision in the judgments made by experts. A hierarchical structure with 6 renewable energy alternatives, 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria was designed, which allowed the implementation of a paired comparison survey that was answered by 10 experts from the region. The results obtained show the relevance of all alternatives, which is evidenced by a percentage difference of less than 5% between all the options. The best alternative was solar PV (20,27%). Regarding the criteria, the most relevant were economic (39,6%) and environmental (30,8%). The most relevant sub-criterion was the renewable fraction, related to the possible reuse of equipment (20,2%).